development Flashcards
what does the gunthrie test measure?
Congenital Hypothyroidism (CHT) Sickle Cell disorders Cystic Fibrosis (CF) six inherited metabolic diseases (IMDs) phenylketonuria (PKU) medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD) maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) isovaleric acidaemia (IVA) glutaric aciduria type 1 (GA1) and homocystinuria (pyridoxine unresponsive) (HCU)
trisomy 21 investigations
triple screen increase BHCG decrease inhibin A
AFP, estriol
US: increased nuchal translucency
echo
what are the causes of trisomy 21
robertsonian translocation
mosaicism
maternal age 1:25 chance if greater than 45
symptoms of trisomy 21
face- flat round facies up slanting palpebral fissures epicanthal folds eyes- brushfield spots in the iris ears= small flat occiput third fontanelle braciocephaly small mouth and protruding tongue short neck and nuchal skin hands= simian crease fifth inturning finger feet= saddle toe and joint hyperflexiability
medical conditions in trisomy 21
hirschsprung’s disease hypo/hyperthyroidism insulin dependent diabetes sleep apnea early onset alzheimer’s ALL CHD infertility in males
newborn gross motor development
head lag in pull to sit but head extension in ventral suspension
when should the primitive reflexes be lost at?
4-6 months
when should the child be sitting without support?
6 months to do this 2 very important reflexes need to be developed parachuting and righting reflex
when would you be considered if the child is not sitting?
by 9 months
what would you be concerned if a 9 month old hasn’t been able to do this critical step in gross motor development?
sitting by 9 months
locomotor skills- by 10 months what should a child do?
be cruising around the furniture
what should a 12 month old be able to do- gross motor?
50% are walking independently by 1 year old.
If a child is not walking by this age it is a red flag
18 months
20 months what can they do gross motor?
kicks ball
3 years old - gross motor
jump from bottom step, stand on one leg, and ride a tricycle
4 year old - gross motor
hop on one leg, go down the stairs one leg at a time, and ride a bike
at 5 years old what can they do gross motor
skip
3-4 months fine motor development
hand watching
when does a squint need to be checked out?
if persisting beyond 8 weeks.
at 6 months what are the fine motor skills?
palmer gasp
holds objects with both hands and bangs them together
transfers between hands
what should a child be able to do fine motor wise by 10 months?
pincer grip using thumb and first finger
what 12 months infant is supposed to do fine motor?
starts pointing to objects.
when does advanced fine motor skills come into play?
14 months
at 14 months what can a child do FM?
scribbles
when does the brick building venture start?
2 years old with 6 blocks.
what can a 2 and a half year old do AFM?
copy a circle and builds 8 brick tower and train with 4 carriages
what can a 3 year old do AFM?
draw a circle copies or makes a bridge
what can a 4 year old do? AFM
draws a cross copies or makes steps
what can a 4.5 year old do AFM?
draw a square
what can a 5 year old child do advanced fine motor?
draw a triangle
by 12 weeks what can a baby do S&L?
vocalise when spoken to and begins to coo and laugh
by 6 months S&L?
ba and da
8 months S&L?
mama or dada
by 13 months Sand L?
understanding of two syllable words drink and no
by 18 months what can a child do S&L?
vocab of 10 words and 6 parts of the body
20 months S.L
combine 2 words together in 3 word sentences
3 years S&L?
knows age and colors
early social development 6 weeks
smiling
when does separation anxiety start to come in?
8 months
at 10 months what can a child do socially?
wave goodbye
when does symbolic play come in?
2 years. which progress during that time to playing with other children
at three years old what are they starting to do in play?
taking turns and simple rules
when can a child be toilet trained?
by 2 but some much older night time dryness takes longer 10% of 5 year olds wet the bed at night.
cognitive function
pre-school the world resolves around them and imaginative
junior school- operational thought process more orderly
teens- abstract thought and complex thinking.
self-help skills in a 2 year old
taking off clothes and start to dress self.
18 months self help
feeding herself
12 months
drank from a cup.
