Development Flashcards by Maisy V

What is development?

When a country is improving and is getting better

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When you’re just describing development, it isn’t just about wealth. When you’re just on about wealth it’s usually referred to as …

Economic development

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What are development indicators?

Things you can use to compare the development of different countries

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What is Gross Domestic Product (GDP)?

The total value of goods and services a country produces in a year. It’s often given in US dollars.

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What is GDP per capita?

GDP divided by the total population (also called GDP per head)

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What is birth rate?

As the country develops it gets…

The number of live babies born per thousand of the population per year

Lower

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What is death rate?

As the county develops it gets…

The number of deaths per thousand of the population per year

Lower

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What is infant mortality rate?

The number of babies who die under 1 year old, per a thousand babies born

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What is people per doctor?

As the country develops it gets…

The average number of people for each doctor

Lower

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What is literacy rate?

The percentage of adults who can read and write

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What is access to safe water?

The percentage of people that can get clean drinking water

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What is life expectancy?

The average age a person can expect to live to

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What is Physical Quality-of-Life Index (PQLI)?

The is a number that’s calculated using life expectancy, literacy rate and infant mortality rate

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What is calorie intake?

The average number of calories eaten per day

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What is Human Development Index (HDI)?

A number that’s calculated using life expectancy, literacy rate and education level (e.g degree) and income per head

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What are the disadvantages of economic development indicators? (2)

They can be inaccurate for countries where trade is not taxed
They can be affected by exchange rates

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What are the disadvantages of development indicators? (2)

they can be misleading when used in their own because they are averages
they don’t show up elite groups or variations within the country

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In the past, how did people categorise different countries based on their development?

They used something calls the First, Second and Third Worlds

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Were the First World countries rich or poor or communist?

What did they have? E.g manufacturing

Rich countries

They had lots of manufacturing and services

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Were the Second World countries rich or poor or communist?

What did they have? E.g manufacturing

They were communist

They had lots of manufacturing

Were the Third World countries rich or poor or communist?

They weren’t ‘rich’ and some people thought ranking countries like this was disrespectful

Name a few First World countries (4) DONT WORRY IF YOU CANT GET THIS

USA, Western Europe countries, Australia and Japan

Name a couple Second World countries (3) DONT WORRY IF U CANT GET THIS

Poland, Russia and China

From 1980s countries have been classified into two categories based on how economically developed they are. They are….

MEDCs and LEDCs

MEDCs are generally found in the North or South?

North

Name some LEDCs...

India, China, Mexico, Brazil, Ethiopia, African countries etc

Name some MEDCs...

USA, UK, European countries, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, France, Norway

The North South divide line used to show the divide in the richer and poorer countries is called the...

Brandt line

What are the disadvantages to the Brandt line?

* Doesn't tell you the exact LEDCs and MEDCs * Rough estimation * Doesn't tell you which ones are developing quickly * The classifications are based on wealth, which doesn't always match the development level

What does NIC stand for?

Newly Industrialising Countries

What are NICs?

Countries that are rapidly getting richer as their economy is moving from being based on primary industry (e.g agriculture) to secondary industry (e.g manufacturing)

What are middle income countries?

Countries that aren't really poor, but aren't rich either - in the middle. They're developing quickly, but not as quickly as NICs are.

Try to name the 5 environmental factors that affect how developed a country is...

* A poor climate * Poor farming land * Limited water supplies * Lots of natural hazards * Few raw materials

Try to name the 3 main political factors that slow development and what they are ...

* Unstable governments that might not invest their money on the right things * Corrupt governments where by some people in the country get richer (by breaking the law) while the others stay poor and have a low quality of life * If there's a war - country loses money that could be spent on development

Try to name the 3 economic factors that affect how developed a country is...

* Poor trade links * Lots of debt * An economy based on primary products - they can't get much profit from selling things like wood, metal and stone. Manufactured goods are worth more.

Try to name the 3 social factors that affect how developed a country is...

* Drinking water - no illness * The place of women in society - they can be educated and work * Child education - better education, better jobs

Aid is given by one country to another country in the form of... (2)

Money or resources (e.g. Food, doctors)

The country that gives the aid is called the...

Donor

The country that gets the aid is called the...

Recipient

What are the two main sources of aid from donor countries?

Government (paid for by taxes) or NGOs (paid for by voluntary donations)

What does NGO stand for?

Non-Governmental Organisations

What is bilateral aid?

Aid given directly to the recipient

What is multilateral aid?

Aid given indirectly through an international organisation that distributes the aid

Bilateral aid can be tied, what does that mean?

It's given with the condition that the recipient country has to buy the goods and services it needs from the donor country. This is beneficial for the donor country but if the goods and services are expensive then the aid doesn't go as far.

Name 2 disadvantages of short term aid (3)

* The stage of development remains unchanged for the recipient country * Aid may not get to the people who need it most because of things like theft and transport problems * if either country is too slow to react, aid may not get to where its most needed

What is short term aid?

Money or resources that immediately help recipient countries cope during emergencies e.g floods

What is long term aid? What sort of things does it help to do?

Money or resources that slowly help recipient countries to develop Helps build things like dams and wells or construct schools

What are disadvantages of both types of aid? (2)

* The recipient may become dependent on the aid and they don't bother spending their own money developing themselves * The aid could be misused because they have corrupt governments - the government uses the money and resources to fund their lifestyle or to pay for political events

For an Aid project to be sustainable it must...

Help development in ways that don't irreversibly damage the environment or use up resources or money faster than it can be replaced