Development Flashcards
How old: Marked head lag when pulling to sit?
Newborn
How old: sits with support?
6 months
How old: sits without support?
7 months
How old: pulls self to stand?
9 months
How old: crawling
8-9 months
How old: walking with one hand held?
12 months
How old: walking independently?
13 months
How old: creeps upstairs/pushes wheeled toy?
15 months
How old: raises head to 45 degrees when prone?
6-8 weeks
How old: cruising around furniture?
10 months
How old: runs and creeps downstairs?
18 months
How old: walks backwards, picks up toy without falling, kicks and throws ball?
(when do they become fun?)
2 years
How old: jumps on both feet, walks on tip toes?
2.5 years
How old: rides tricycle?
3 years
How old: goes up stairs one foot per step, down stairs two feet per step?
3 years
How old: skips and hops?
4 years
How old: runs on toes?
5 years
How old: walks heel to toe?
6 years
Vision and Fine Motor
How old: fix and follows?
6 weeks
Vision and Fine Motor
How old: reaches out for toys?
4 months
Vision and Fine Motor
How old: palmar grasp?
4-6 months
Vision and Fine Motor
How old: transfers objects between hands?
6 months
Vision and Fine Motor
How old: mature pincer grip?
10 months
Vision and Fine Motor
How old: to and fro scribble?
15 months
Vision and Fine Motor
How old: circular scribble?
18 months
Vision and Fine Motor
How old: tower of 3 cubes?
18 months
Vision and Fine Motor
How old: tower of 6 cubes and copy straight line?
2 years
Vision and Fine Motor
How old: tower of 8?
2.5 years
Vision and Fine Motor
How old: builds bridge from cubes and copies a circle?
3 years
Vision and Fine Motor
How old: builds steps of bricks and copies a square?
4 years
Vision and Fine Motor
How old: copies a cross?
3.5 years
Vision and Fine Motor
How old: copies triangle?
5 years
Hearing Speech and Language
How old: startles to loud noises?
newborn
Hearing Speech and Language
How old: vocalising, coos and laughs?
2-4 months
Hearing Speech and Language
How old: turns head to sound/distraction test?
7 months
Hearing Speech and Language
How old: single syllable, indiscriminate babble?
7 months
Hearing Speech and Language
How old: mama and dada (discriminate sounds)
10 months
Hearing Speech and Language
How old: 2-3 words with meaning, knows name, understands simple commands?
12 months
Hearing Speech and Language
How old: 6-10 words, points to body parts?
18 months
Hearing Speech and Language
How old: 2-3 word sentences?
2 years
Hearing Speech and Language
How old: Talks constantly in 3-4 word sentences?
2.5-3 years
Hearing Speech and Language
How old: full sentences?
3 years
Social, Emotional and Behavioural:
How old: smiles responsively?
6 weeks
Social, Emotional and Behavioural:
How old: laughs
3 months
Social, Emotional and Behavioural:
How old: looks for fallen toys (object permanence)?
9 months
Social, Emotional and Behavioural:
How old: plays peek-a-boo?
9 months
Social, Emotional and Behavioural:
How old: waves bye, drinks from cup?
12 months
Social, Emotional and Behavioural:
How old: holds spoon and gets the food safely to mouth, symbolic play alone?
18 months
Social, Emotional and Behavioural:
How old: parallel play and dry by day?
2 years
Social, Emotional and Behavioural:
How old: Associative play
2.5 years
Social, Emotional and Behavioural:
How old: Takes turns when playing with others, dry by night, washes hands, brush teeth?
3 years
Social, Emotional and Behavioural:
How old: ties shoelaces?
5 years
Hearing Speech and Language
How old: quietens/smiles to sound of parent’s voice, even if can’t see?
4 months
Hearing Speech and Language
How old: turns immediately to parent’s voice across room?
7 months
Hearing Speech and Language
How old: searches for very quiet sounds made out of sight?
9 months
Two hearing tests for the newborn?
EOAE and ABR.
(a) Evoked otoacoustic emission (EOAE)
Click is generated from earphones and echo picked up from cochlea. Detects normal sound vibrations from outer hair cells in the cochlea.

Advantages:
Simple and quick to perform, though is affected by ambient noise
Disadvantages:
Misses auditory neuropathy as function of auditory nerve or brain not tested
• Relatively high false-positive rate in first 24 hours after birth as vernix or amniotic fluid are still in
ear canal
• Not a test of hearing but a test of cochlear function
(b) Automated auditory brainstem response (AABR)
Auditory stimulus generated by earphones sends signal via ear and auditory never to brain. EEG waveforms analysis determines if normal.
Advantages:
• Low false-positive rate
• Screens hearing pathway from ear to brainstem
Disadvantages:
• Affected by movement, so infants need to be asleep or very quiet, so time consuming
• Complex computerised equipment, but is mobile
• Requires electrodes applied to infant’s head, which parents may dislike
Diagnostic hearing test for infants aged 7-9?
Distraction testing.
Relies on baby locating and turning appropriately towards sounds. High and low freq sounds presented out of the infant’s field of vision. Must be carried out by properly trained staff as can be difficult to identify hearing impaired infants as they are particularly adept at using non-auditory cues.
NB: At all ages, parental concern about hearing warrants further assessment.
Test to assess hearing impairment in infants aged 10-18 months?
Visual reinforcement audiometry.
This is particularly useful to assess impairment in infants between 10 and 18 months, although it can be used between the age of 6 months and 3 years. Hearing thresholds are established using visual rewards (illumination of toys) to reinforce the child’s head turn to stimuli of different frequencies. Localisation of the stimuli is not necessary and insert earphones may be used to obtain ear specific information, thus making it more useful than free field tests such as distraction and performance testing.
NB: At all ages, parental concern about hearing warrants further assessment.
Test to assess hearing loss in infants aged 18 months - 4 years?
Performance and speech discrimination.
Performance testing using high and low frequency stimuli and speech discrimination testing using miniature toys can be used for children with suspected hearing loss at 18 months to 4 years of age.
NB: At all ages, parental concern about hearing warrants further assessment.
Test to assess hearing loss in child from 4 years on?
Audiometry.
Threshold audiometry using headphones, where the child responds to a pure tone stimulus, can be used to detect and assess the severity of hearing loss in children from 4 years old.
NB: At all ages, parental concern about hearing warrants further assessment.
How old: follows 2 step command, eg “Get your shoes from the cupboard”
3 years
