Development Flashcards
Definition of development
The level of economic growth + wealth of a country
How can one see the development of a country?
By looking at their
- Economic development
- Lifestyles of the people living there
What does GNP stand for, how is it measured and an example of a high GNP
Gross National Product
- Value of everything the country produces, measured in U.S. dollars
- 2006 China had the fourth biggest GNP in the world at $2600 billion
What does GNI stand for, how is it measured and what does it allow us to do?
Gross National income per capita
- Average income of people measured in U.S. dollars
- Provides a better idea of how badly off or wealthy some people are
What does HDI stand for and how is it measured?
Human Development Index
- Better way to look at human development
- Measured by looking at the average life expectancy at birth, education and literacy rate, standard of living measured by GNI per capita
Why, in 2013, did Qatar have a high GNI per capita but a low HDI?
Some possible reasons are,
- Qatar is incredibly wealthy but it is not spending their money on the components of the HDI instead it is spending their money on the World Cup in 2022
- In Qatar there are some incredibly wealthy people but they are also lots of incredibly poor people
What are what are some problems with only using wealth to measure development?
- Easier to collect data in wealthy countries so the figures will be more accurate there than in poorer countries
- Only measures products that are bought and sold and does not include people who work in the land such as farmers
- The figures are only an average for each country and does not tell us about the inequality there
What does LDC stand for and what are 4 examples of LDCs?
Least developed country
- Afghanistan (Asia)
- Malawi (Africa)
- Haiti (Caribbean)
- Solomon Islands (Australian + the Pacific)
What does MDC stand for and what are 4 examples of MDCs?
Most Developed Country
- Norway (Europe)
- Australia (Australia + the Pacific)
- Switzerland (Europe)
- United States (America)
Where is Kibera?
Nairobi, Kenya
Facts about slums and people in slums in Nairobi
- Biggest slums in the world and the biggest in Africa
- 2.5 million people live in slums in Nairobi (Kibera houses almost 1m of them)
- Represent 60% of the Nairobi populations but only occupy about 6% of the land
Facts about the water and health situation in Kibera
- Until recently Kibera no water and it had to be collected from the Nairobi dam
- Dam water was not clean and caused typhoid and cholera
- 2 main water pipes in Kibera
- Toilet is a hole in the ground shared by up to 50 shacks
- Rely on charities to provide health services
What factors effect the rate of development?
- Environmental
- Economic
- Political
- Social
How does the environment affect the rate of development?
- Natural hazards can slow down or reverse development
- Poor countries are more vulnerable and don’t have the money to protect people from natural disasters
- Reducing the risk of natural hazards and helping people to adapt to them is a priority for development in many countries
How does the economy affect the rate of development?
- Lots of developing countries are heavily indebted to international financial institutions and foreign banks based in developed countries
- This is because loans were given in the 1960s/70s and initially came with low interest rates however over the years these have increased ip to near impossible levels for developing countries to meet
- The government spends its time repaying the debt instead of investing in the countries infrastructure or healthcare
