Development Flashcards
Name the milestones for gross motor development.
1-2 months: neck control
2-4 months: no head lag
4-5 months: tripod sitting
6 months: sitting without support
9 months: crawling
10-12 months: stands with support +/- cruising
12 months: stands without support; walks without support
15 months: walks steadily
24 months: jumps on both feet
36 months: stands on one feet
48 months: jumps on one feet
Name the milestones for fine motor development.
2 months: fix and follow for 180 degrees
4 months: reach out
4-6 months: palmar grasp
6 months: bimanual manipulation
7 months: transfer
10 months: mature pincer grasp
12-15 months: scribbling
16 months: tower of 2
24 months: tower of 6; imitates a line
30 months: tower of 8
36 months: imitates a circle
42 months: imitates a cross
48 months: imitates a square
Name the milestones for hearing and speech development.
3 months: cooing; turns to rattle
4-6 months: turns to voice
7-10 months: dada and mama (specific)
12 months: single words with meaning
12-18 months: one-step command with no gestural cues
24 months: two word phrases with meaning
24-30 months: gives name
36 months: names 3 colours; 3-4 word phrases
60 months: no articulation problem
Name the milestones for social development.
1-2 months: social smile
6 months: mouthing; responds to name
8-11 months: stranger anxiety
8-12 months: shakes head to imply no
10-12 months: waves bye bye; plays peak-a-boo (object pertinence)
12 months: symbolic play
24 months: parallel play (imitation)
36 months: interactive play
What will a normal 6-month-old baby be able to do?
- Sit without support
- Stable palmar grasp with bimanual manipulation
- Cooing; turns to voice
- Social smile, mouthing and responds to name
What will a 12-month-old baby be able to do?
- Stand and walk unstably without support
- Mature pincer grasp
- Single meaningful words
- Obeys one-step command with no gestural cues
- Stranger anxiety, waves bye bye with object pertinence (peak-a-boo)
+/- symbolic play
What will an 18-month-old baby be able to do?
- Walking steadily without support
- Scribbling (dotting); builds a tower of 2
- Single meaningful words
- Obeys one-step command with no gestural cues
- Stranger anxiety, symbolic play
What will a 24-month-old baby be able to do?
- Walk steadily without support; jump with two feet
- Scribbling and draws line, builds a tower of 6
- Two-word phrases
- Obey two-steps command with no gestural cues
- Stranger anxiety; parallel play
What will a 36-month-old child be able to do?
- Walk up stairs with two feet on one step at a time
- Stand on one foot
- Draws a circle; builds a tower of 8 or more
- 3-4 word phrases
- Names 3 colours
- Interactive play
What are the possible causes of global developmental delay?
Prenatal
- Congenital
>> Syndromal: Down, Fragile X
>> Metabolic: IEM, hypothyroidism
>> CNS disorders: neurocutaneous syndrome, brain malforamtions
- Acquired
>> Maternal alcohol or drug use
>> Congenital infections
>> Fetal hemorrhage in utero
Perinatal
- Obstetric
>> Extreme prematurity
>> Birth asphyxia/HIE
- Fetal causes
>> Hypoglycemia
>> Kernicterus
Postnatal (almost all acquired)
- Infection
>> Meningitis
>> Encephalitis
>> Cerebral abscess
- Trauma
>> Non-accidental
>> Accidental
>> Hypoxia
- Vascular
>> Neonatal stroke
>> Hemorrhage
>> AVM
- Metabolic
>> Hypoglycemia
>> Kernicterus
>> Inborn errors of metabolism
- Psychosocial
>> Child abuse
>> Child neglect
What is global developmental delay?
Performance significantly below average in two or more areas of development
What are the three types of language delay in children?
- Receptive delay 2. Expressive delay 3. Mixed
