Development Flashcards
Define the term ‘morality’
Morality means understanding good from bad. for example knowing murder is bad and helping people is right
Identify the age of the children when being video recorded with their parents as part of the study by Gunderson et al. (2013).
14 months, 26 months, 38 months
Example of process praise
You must have tried hard
Example of person praise
You’re so smart
Role of medulla
Medulla is responsible for controlling involuntary responses ( sneezing, breathing, heart beat and blood pressure)
Explain Piaget’s 1st stage of cognitive development
Sensorimotor stage is from birth to 2 years. In this stage the infant uses their senses to get information about the world; they learn by linking hearing, feeling, tasting and seeing objects. They develop object permanence during this stage.
Explain object permanence
knowing somethings exists even if it out of sight
One strength of Piaget’s stages of cognitive development
Piaget’s work has practical applications and can be used in
education to help children to develop into the next stage.
One weakness of Piaget’s stages of cognitive development
There is a lack of research support as some studies show children develop earlier than Piaget thought which reduces the validity of the theory.
Piaget 2nd stage of cognitive development
Symbolic function stage ( 2 to 4 years):
The child starts imitating others and can use objects and symbols. The child develops symbolic play during this stage.
Intuitive thought stage ( 4 to 7 years):
Children’s ask a lot of questions as they realize they want to know more about the world. They develop Centration and irreversibility in this stage.
Explain symbolic play
children play using objects and ideas to represent other objects and ideas. for example: using a cardboard as a car or a stick as a gun.
Explain irreversibility
not understanding that an action can be reversed to return to the original state. For example: not understand that removing water from a glass by putting it in another cup, the water in the 1st cup can be filled with water if water is put in it.
Explain Centration
focusing on one feature of a situation and ignoring every other feature
Explain reversibility
knowing that 2 brisk plus 4 bricks equal 6 bricks so 6 bricks minus 2 bricks equals 4 bricks
Explain 3rd stage of Piaget cognitive theory of development
Concrete operational stage ( 7 to 12 years)
Children being to apply rules and strategies to help with their thinking. They develop seriation, classification, reversibility, conversation and decentration in this stage.
Explain seriation
sorting objects for example in size
Explain classification
naming and identifying objects according to size or appearance
Explain conversation
knowing that length, quantity or number are not related to how things look.
Explain decentration
the ability to take multiple views in a situation
Explain the 4th stage of Piaget cognitive theory of development
Children have developed control over their thoughts e.g. being able to think about more than two things when describing a person.
Explain schema
mental representations of the world based on one’s own experiences.
Explain assimilation
adding new experiences into our schemas
Explain accommodation
when a schema changes to deal with a new experience
Explain equilibrium
when a child’s schema explain all that they experience
