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health & social care UNIT 1 > development > Flashcards

development Flashcards

1
Q

what is growth?

A

an increase in a measured quantity e.g weight & height

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2
Q

influences, factors and life events that could shape people into individuals?

A

abusive household, disorder, poverty, friends, intelligence, grief, achievement, genetics, addiction, bullying

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3
Q

what is development?

A

complex changes or an increase in skills, abilities & capabilities

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4
Q

what are the life stages and their ages?

A

birth - infancy : 0-2
early childhood : 3-8
adolescence: 9-18
early adulthood : 19-45
adulthood : 46-65
later adulthood : 65+

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5
Q

what advice would you give it a child was under / overweight?

A

regulate your diet to what your baby needs ~ more / less milk / formula
exercise ~ simulate walking
vegetables, proteins

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6
Q

what does PIES stand for?

A

Physical, Intellectual, Emotional, Social

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7
Q

examples of physical development?

A

weight / height increase, puberty, period, body hair, body changes, shrink, wrinkles, eye sight weakens

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8
Q

examples of intellectual development?

A

maturation, increase in writing and learning during school, learn from consequences, listen / focus better, manners

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9
Q

examples of emotional development?

A

maturity, emotional regulation, handle grief / stress / anger differently

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10
Q

examples of social development?

A

priority in finding a partner, make new friends who connect with the person you’ve become, less attached to parents

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11
Q

physical development in infancy?

A

fine and gross motor skills

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12
Q

what are fine motor skills?

A

involves smaller movements that require more precise direction ( dexterity ) and use smaller muscles

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13
Q

what are gross motor skills?

A

large movements that involve using the large muscles of the body that are required for mobility

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14
Q

physical development skills in early childhood?

A

reading, writing, cycling, running, drawing, walking, talking, holding, use of fine and gross motor skills

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15
Q

physical changes during adolescence?

A

puberty, hips grow larger, acne, hair growth, deeper voice, hair gets greasy quicker, height & weight increase, boobs grow, facial hair, period, mood swing & hormones

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16
Q

what is adolescence?

A

an important status change following the onset of puberty during which a young person develops from a child into a young adult

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17
Q

what are primary sexual characteristics?

A

changes & development of reproductive organs

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18
Q

what are secondary sexual characteristics?

A

outwards sings of development from a child into a man / woman

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19
Q

what is puberty?

A

a period of rapid growth where young people reach sexual maturity and become biologically able to reproduce and develop secondary sexual characteristics

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20
Q

what are hormones?

A

chemical substances produced in the body & transported in the blood stream that control or regulate body cells or organs

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21
Q

when do girls & boys start puberty?

A

girls : 11-13
boys : 13-15

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22
Q

what are the female hormones?

A

oestrogen & progesterone
-ovaries produce these hormones which are responsible for ovulation & menstruation
-the first period signals the onset of fertility

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23
Q

what is the male hormone?

A

testosterone
-testes produce testosterone which stimulates sperm production
-testosterone is responsible for deeper pitch tone of voice

24
Q

what physical changes occur during early adulthood?

A

grow to full height, menopause, grey hair, weight gain

25
Q

what happens in the 1st trimester during pregnancy?

A

you gain 1-2kgs or maybe lose if you have morning sickness, most of this weight is in the placenta ( which feeds your baby ) , fatigue

26
Q

what happens in the 2nd trimester?

A

morning sickness usually lessens, extreme tiredness and breast tenderness usually ease up, fetus has now developed well its organs & systems and will now begin to grow in length / height

27
Q

what happens in the 3rd trimester?

A

swelling of ankles, hands and face may happens as you continue to retain fluids, difficulty sleeping and breathing

28
Q

what is perimenopause?

A

women start to make less oestrogen. Ovaries stop producing an egg each month. it lasts until menopause starts and ends when a woman has not had a monthly period for 12 months

29
Q

what is menopause?

A

the ending of female fertility, including the cessation of menstruation and reduction in production of female hormones.

30
Q

physics effects of ageing?

A

shrink, hair loss, smile lines, teeth loss, hair turns grey, wrinkles, age spots, loose elasticity, skin thins, skin is drier

31
Q

what is life expectancy?

A

an estimate of the number of years on average, that a person may live for sometimes called longevity

32
Q

what is cognitive impairment?

A

when a person has trouble remembering, learning new skills, concentrating or making decisions that affect everyday life

33
Q

what is alzheimer’s?

A

-causes the brain to shrink and brain cells to eventually die
-it’s the CAUSE of dementia
-progressive condition, symptoms develop gradually over years and eventually becomes severe
-no cure

34
Q

what is dementia?

A

-general term for loss of memory language, problem solving and other abilities that are severe enough to interfere with daily life
-can affect the way you speak, think, feel and behave
-1/11 people over 65 have it
-no cure

35
Q

what are the 5 important adverts associated with intellectual development?

A
  1. language development
  2. problem solving
  3. memory
  4. abstract thoughts and creative thinking
  5. moral development
36
Q

what is language development?

A

important for organising thoughts so that ideas are able to be expressed ( 2 years old )

37
Q

what is problem solving?

A

an important skill that is required to work things out and make predictions of what might happen

38
Q

what is memory?

A

required for storing, recalling and retrieving information

39
Q

what is abstract thoughts and creative thinking?

A

essential for discussing situations that cannot be observed

40
Q

what is moral development?

A

allows for reasoning and making choices, and informs the individual how to act in particular situations and towards themselves and others

41
Q

how to promote language during the early life stages?

A

be patient & wait for them to speak, keep things out of reach so they communicate to get it, action noises

42
Q

what is abstract logical thinking?

A

the capacity to think conceptually, grasp complex ideas and identify patterns and relationships

43
Q

what is egocentric thinking?

A

difficulty differentiating between self and other. difficulty in understanding perspectives other than one’s own

44
Q

what is concrete logical thinking?

A

focused on the physical world . literally thinkers focused on current facts, literal definitions and physical objects

45
Q

what is Piagets model?

A

4 stages of cognitive development

46
Q

what are the stages from Piagets model?

A

sensory motor stage (0-2)
pre operational stage (2-7)
concrete operational stage (7-11)
formal operational (11-18)

47
Q

what occurs in the sensori motor stage (0-2) ?

A

children learn through their senses
1. body schemas : children learn to differentiate the world around them from themselves
2. motor coordination : being able to control limbs
3. object permanence : children understand that an one t doesn’t disappear when you can’t see it

48
Q

what occurs in the pre operational stage (2-7) ?

A
  1. egocentric : can’t see a situation from another persons perspective
  2. animism : believe that inanimate objects have thoughts / feelings
  3. struggle with reversibility : the inability to reverse the direction of a sequence of events to their starting point
49
Q

what occurs in the concrete operational stage (7-11) ?

A
  1. overcomes egocentrism ( they de-centre )
  2. drops animism
  3. gains reversibility
  4. can conserve mass, height and weight
50
Q

what occurs in the formal operational stage (11-18) ?

A
  1. develop the ability to think without physical prompts or objects - hypothetical thinking
  2. problem solving
51
Q

what is a schema?

A

a category of knowledge as well as the process of acquiring knowledge

52
Q

what is equilibrium?

A

a state of cognitive balance when a child’s experience is in line with that they understand

53
Q

what is disequilibrium?

A

a state of cognitive imbalance between experience and what is understood

54
Q

what is accommodation?

A

modifying schemas in relation to new info and experiences

55
Q

criticisms of Piaget?

A
  • his theory is based on observations on a small group of children ( unrepresentative )
  • age stages may be more fluid than he thought and be under / overestimated children’s cognitive abilities
  • bruner didn’t believe in fixed stages : he believed that with adults support children can be helped to progress to high level thinking skills
  • research suggests that children take longer than 11 years to become skilled at abstract thinking

health & social care UNIT 1 (1 decks)

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