Development Flashcards
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Development?
Vast term which includes economic development, good governance, reducing poverty and illiteracy, etc.
Income and other goals?
Materialistic goals: Income, money.
Non materialistic goals: Respect, education, safety.
National Development?
Ability of a nation to improve the lives of its citizens. It can be in the field of agriculture, health, education, industries, etc.
How are countries classified?
Countries are classified on the basis of income.
What is a country’s income?
Total income of the people who are earning.
Role of world bank?
World bank classifies countries based on average/per capita income.
Average or per capita income= Total income of country / Total population.
World bank classification on basis of per capita income?
Countries with a per capita income of USD 12056 per annum and above in 2017 are called rich countries.
Countries with a per capita income of USD 955 per annum and below in 2017 are called low income countries.
India belongs to the category of low middle income as its per capita income in 2017 was USD 1820 per annum.
Pros of world bank development report?
- Gives a clear understanding of the income of the countries.
- Sets specific parameters for comparison such as national and per capita income.
Cons of world bank development report?
- Considers only a single aspect and not other important aspects such as literacy, health, education, etc.
- Income distribution between the people isn’t visible.
Literacy rate?
Literacy rate measures the proportion of literate population in the 7 years and above age group.
Human development Index?
Used to measure how development has improved human life.
Takes the following parameters into account for ranking countries:
Literacy rate, per capita income, Infant mortality rate, Maternal mortality rate, etc.
Infant mortality rate?
Indicates the number of children that die before the age of 1 year as a proportion to 1000 live children born in that particular year.
Maternal mortality rate?
Total number of dying mothers out of 1000 mothers while giving birth to babies in a year.
Life expectancy?
Age which a person is expected to live.
Indian males: 67.34 years
Indian females: 69.64 years
Poverty line?
Estimated minimum level of income needed to secure the necessities of life.
Calories consumed per day:
Rural areas: 2400
Urban areas 2100
