Development Flashcards
What is the Core Cognition hypothesis?
Humans are born with multiple specialized cognitive systems that enables infants to identify and represent entities in a particular domain
What is the core cognition numbers hypothesis?
Infants have an innate concept of discrete numbers, along with them to reason about simple arithmetic. Infants can represent small discrete numerical quantities, but this system fails at around four items. The Screen and graham crackers scenario.
What is a summary of core cognition?
Young infants show surprisingly good performance of some tasks with little to no learning.
Tracking small sets of discrete numerical quantities.
Basic social understanding of other agents.
Basic understanding of spatial/temporal object properties.
What is centration?
Reason based on only a single salient aspect of a situation. When other properties are changing children on the track one at a time they cannot do both.
What is theory of mind?
Kids don’t understand that other people have different minds from their own. Infants do not understand that different people have separate minds. False-belief tasks (like hiding a ball in the other basket)
What is Perceptual Access Reasoning?
This kind of reasoning can pass most false belief tasks, but fails in more complex situations. Perceptual access leads to knowing and lack of leads to not knowing. If you perceive something happening and you know about it and if you know about some thing you’re able to act correctly.
Or
With PAR, children understand that seeing leads to knowing in the moment, but not that knowing also arises from thinking or persists as memory and belief after the situation changes
What is Overregularization?
Kids memory retrieval is worse than adults. Rule one fails a lot. You might see temporary regression.
The specific language a child speaks obviously learned from the environment.
What stages do children go through when learning the specific rules of a (first) language?
Discrete stage - learning grammatical structure or vocab
Over regularization - children’s memory retrieval is worse than adults.
What is the blocking and retrieval failure hypothesis?
When an adult needs to see a past tense verb they tried to retrieve the past tense for the memory that feels that use conjugations. Children use only for one than add rule two.
What is a summary of Core cognition?
Children are indebted with some basic building blocks of core condition with numbers objects agents. In addition to learning facts about how the world works children spend a long time learning skills like attending multiple aspects of the situation complex theory of mind and rules on the specific language in their household.
What is object permanence?
The understanding that objects came to exist even when they cannot be sensed. It may be an evolved capacity and does not require occlusion experience.
