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Geography AQA > Development * > Flashcards

Development * Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the level of development show?

A

how economically, socially, culturally or technologically advanced a country is

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2
Q

What is the Brandt line?

A

divided the planet into the rich north (+ australia) and the poor south

its no longer used as it is too simplistic - some countries have become more developed in the south

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3
Q

What is an LIC?

A

Low Income Countries

countries of a GNI per capita of $1,045 or less
eg. Chad, Ethiopia

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4
Q

What is the GNI per capita?

A

Gross National Income per capita

a measure of the total income of a country, divided by the number of people in the country

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5
Q

What is an NEE?

A

Newly Emerging Economy

countries that have begun to experience high rates of economic development, usually with rapid industrialisation

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6
Q

What is an MIC?

A

Medium Income Countries

countries with a GNI per capita of more than $1,045 but less than $12,746
eg. Mexico, Iraq

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7
Q

What is a HIC?

A

High Income Countries

countries with a GNI per capita of more than $12,746
eg. Germany, USA

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8
Q

What is the HDI?

What does it measure?

A

Human Development Index

measures average life expectancy, level of education and income for each country
each country is given a score between 1 and 0, the closer to 1, the more developed it is

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9
Q

Why is HDI the best measure of development?

A

It includes economic and social measures of development

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10
Q

List 8 measures of development

A
  • access to safe water
  • birth rate
  • death rate
  • GNI per capita
  • infant mortality rate
  • life expectancy
  • literacy rate
  • people per doctor
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11
Q

What is the DTM?

What does it show?

A

Demographic Transition Model

shows how population changes over time (and how it will change), which links to levels of development

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12
Q

What factors of development does the DTM measure?

A

birth rate, death rate, and natural increase

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13
Q

DTM

Fill the gaps:

  • If birth rate is greater than death rate the population will ________
  • If death rate is greater than birth rate the population will naturally ________
  • The _______ the difference the greater the rate of natural increase
  • The rate of natural increase is much higher in __________ countries
  • Many HICs are experiencing population _______
A
  • If birth rate is greater than death rate the population will increase
  • If death rate is greater than birth rate the population will naturally decrease
  • The greater the difference the greater the rate of natural increase
  • The rate of natural increase is much higher in developing countries
  • Many HICs are experiencing population decline
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14
Q

DTM

Fill the gaps :

  • LICs have populations typical of stages _ and _ that are growing rapidly with low ____ ____________
  • NEEs have populations typical of stage _ where _____ _____ are falling and growth is slower, and people are living ______
  • HICs have populations at stages _ and _, with very ____ growing populations or populations in _______
A
  • LICs have populations typical of stages 1 and 2 that are growing rapidly with low life expectancies
  • NEEs have populations typical of stage 3 where birth rates are falling and growth is slower, and people are living longer
  • HICs have populations at stages 4 and 5, with very slow growing populations or populations in decline
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15
Q

Give 1 pro and con of using birth rate as a measure of development

A

good indicator of social progress
birth rate can be changed by government policies (eg. China’s one child policy)

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16
Q

Give 1 pro and con of using death rate as a measure of development

A

shows how good a countries healthcare system is
very rich countries have many older people so death rates can be higher

17
Q

Give 1 pro and con of using GNI per capita as a measure of development

A

shows economic development
doesn’t give any information about the standard of living of people

18
Q

Give 1 pro of using HDI as a measure of development

A

takes into account economic and social measures

19
Q

Give two physical factor that could cause uneven development

A

hostile or difficult landscape - very hot climate or arid climates make it difficult to grow sufficient food

distribution of natural resources

20
Q

Give an economic factor that could cause uneven development

A

some countries have high levels of debt - have to pay lots of money in repayments and interest so there is little left over for development projects

21
Q

Give an environmental factor that could cause uneven development

A

environmental issues like extreme flooding or desertification

22
Q

Give a social factor that could cause uneven development

A

some countries have problems caused by people, like low levels of education, poor water quality or lack of doctors

23
Q

Give a political factor that could cause uneven development

A

some countries are at war or have a corrupt government - money doesn’t reach the people who need it the most, cant be spent on things like education or infrastructure

24
Q

Why can natural resources influence the development gap?

A

some countries have an abundance of raw materials like oil which can be sold and money invested into developing the country

25
Q

What is the development gap?

A

the difference in levels of development between the richest and poorest countries in the world

26
Q

How can investment reduce the development gap?

A

large companies locate part of their business in other countries
this helps a country develop as the companies build factories, lay roads and install internet cables

27
Q

How can aid help reduce the development gap?

A

aid is when one or more countries give money to other countries
the money has to be spent on things that will benefit the population

28
Q

How can using intermediate technology reduce the development gap?

A

intermediate technology is using equipment and techniques that are suitable for their country of use
many poorer countries don’t have the skills to maintain expensive equipment, so small-scale basic solutions are more appropriate

29
Q

What is fairtrade?

How can fairtrade reduce the development gap?

A

fairtrade is paying customers a reasonable price for the goods that they produce
fairtrade farmers are given a better chance in life, as they are paid higher wages

30
Q

What is debt relief and how can debt relief reduce the development gap?

A

many LICs owe money to other countries and often the repayments are so expensive that indebted countries have no money left to spend on development projects
debt relief is when debts are either reorganised to make them more manageable, or reduced

31
Q

What are microfinance loans?

How do they reduce the development gap?

A

microfinance loans are when money is lent to LICs to help them develop
these are often small loans with reasonable interest rates
they are available to people and businesses who may normally struggle to get credit

32
Q

How can tourism reduce the development gap?

A

a good way for countries to bring in money
many MICs and LICs benefit from a tropical climate, exotic ecosystems and beautiful landscapes
tourists will spend lots of money, which helps countries develop

33
Q

Case study - tourism in tunisia

Fill the gaps :

  • Tunisia is a _____ _____ country bordering the mediterranean and the _____ desert
  • It has a ___ _____ and a range of ______ and ______ attractions (like the ancient city of Carthage)
A
  • Tunisia is a North African country bordering the mediterranean and the Sahara desert
  • It has a hot climate and a range of cultural and historic attractions (like the ancient city of Carthage)
34
Q

Case study - tourism in tunisia

How has tourism in tunisia reduced the development gap?

Fill the gaps :
* Over __,___ jobs have been created in the tourism sector, boosting _____ and increasing ______ of _____ within the economy
* The development of _____ ______ has benefited a range of local businesses like ____, _________, or ____ and the construction industry
* Has also boosted the ________ sector as demand for food has increased with tourist numbers
* Due to the economic boost from tourism the government has invested more money into ________ and _____ ____
* This investment has resulted in improved ______ rates and ____ __________

A
  • Over 37,000 jobs have been created in the tourism sector, boosting incomes and increasing movement of money within the economy
  • The development of coastal resorts has benefited a range of local businesses like taxis, restaurants, or shops and the construction industry
  • Has also boosted the agricultural sector as demand for food has increased with tourist numbers
  • Due to the economic boost from tourism the government has invested more money into education and health care
  • This investment has resulted in improved literacy rates and life expectancy

Geography AQA (9 decks)

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