Development

Question 1

What is Development?

Answer 1

Improvement in the standard of living in a specific country. With economic and social factors

Question 2

What is an economic factor?

Answer 2

Factors in terms of wealth that a country has

Question 3

What is a social factor?

Answer 3

Factors related to the people like the literacy rate.

Question 4

A developed country’s standard of living

Answer 4

Good housing, Good education system, Longer life expectancy

Question 5

A developing country’s standards of living

Answer 5

Lack of medical care, Limited access to education, more work in agriculture rather than other forms of employment.

Question 6

Describe the distribution of HICs

Answer 6

HIC countries are located in the North side. These include countries in North America, North-west Europe, New Zealand and Australia.

Question 7

Describe the distribution of LICs

Answer 7

LIC countries are located mostly in the south at countries typically in Africa, Asia and parts of South America.

Question 8

List 5 causes of uneven development and why they are causes of uneven development

Answer 8

Any 5 from: Colonisation, Geographical reasons, Conflict, Social and Political reasons, Natural Hazards, Trade and financial resources and Food Prices.

Colonisation- Europe claimed land across the world to make their land more developed. When the claimed countries were given independence (India, Democratic republic of Congo, Nigeria) very few citizens has education qualification.

Geographical reasons- Natural resources and natural landforms of tourist attractions get destroyed by natural disasters

Conflict- Different ethnic groups in specific countries believe the land is theirs

Social and Political reasons- Corruption in government where citizen’s money is taken away for personal usage and wealth.

Trade and financial resources- Countries with a lot of primary sector jobs/ Countries with debts to pay off

Food Prices- Overproduction of certain foods around the world make the value go down as more countries are producing that food.

Question 9

What is ‘GNP’

Answer 9

Gross National Product (GNP) measures the total amount a country makes from selling all the goods and services it produces to other countries around the world

Question 10

What is ‘GNI’

Answer 10

Gross National Income (GNI) per capita (Per capita means per person). The value of a country’s income, divided by the number of people in that country.

Question 11

What is the difference between ‘GNP’ and “GNP per capita”

Answer 11

GNP is the total amount the country makes from selling the product and GNP per capita is the total amount the country makes by selling the product divided by the population of the country.

Question 12

How to measure a country’s development

Answer 12

Through the human development index or through social indicators and economic indicators

Question 13

What are the components of The Human Development Index?

Answer 13

Health - Average life expectancy at birth
Education – expected years of schooling for adults aged 25 and over
Education – average years of schooling in the adult population
Income – measured by gross national Income per capita

Question 14

Examples of Economics Indicators

Answer 14

GNI and GNP

Question 15

Factors Social Indicators focus on

Answer 15

• Education
• Nutrition
• Health

Question 16

CASE STUDY: How did Nike moving into Vietnam benefit both Nike and Vietnam

Answer 16

• Benefits for Vietnam: More Jobs, More money to the country

- Benefits to Nike: Cheap Materials, Cheap labour supply, operation costs are lower

Question 17

Positive statistics of Nike in Vietnam

Answer 17

• 30,000 newly employed citizens in Vietnam

- GDP reached 5% 4 years after Nike moved to Vietnam

Question 18

Negative statistics of Nike in Vietnam

Answer 18

• Only 20 cents an hour
• No protective labour law
• 600 hours of overtime in a year on average

Question 19

What is ‘Fair Trade’ purpose?

Answer 19

Fair trade helps producers set minimum prices, which help protect fair trade farmers and workers against erratic market prices. If the market price for a commodity drops, the minimum price ensures the farmers and workers still earn enough to cover the basic costs of living.