Development Flashcards
What is Development?
Improvement in the standard of living in a specific country. With economic and social factors
What is an economic factor?
Factors in terms of wealth that a country has
What is a social factor?
Factors related to the people like the literacy rate.
A developed country’s standard of living
Good housing, Good education system, Longer life expectancy
A developing country’s standards of living
Lack of medical care, Limited access to education, more work in agriculture rather than other forms of employment.
Describe the distribution of HICs
HIC countries are located in the North side. These include countries in North America, North-west Europe, New Zealand and Australia.
Describe the distribution of LICs
LIC countries are located mostly in the south at countries typically in Africa, Asia and parts of South America.
List 5 causes of uneven development and why they are causes of uneven development
Any 5 from: Colonisation, Geographical reasons, Conflict, Social and Political reasons, Natural Hazards, Trade and financial resources and Food Prices.
Colonisation- Europe claimed land across the world to make their land more developed. When the claimed countries were given independence (India, Democratic republic of Congo, Nigeria) very few citizens has education qualification.
Geographical reasons- Natural resources and natural landforms of tourist attractions get destroyed by natural disasters
Conflict- Different ethnic groups in specific countries believe the land is theirs
Social and Political reasons- Corruption in government where citizen’s money is taken away for personal usage and wealth.
Trade and financial resources- Countries with a lot of primary sector jobs/ Countries with debts to pay off
Food Prices- Overproduction of certain foods around the world make the value go down as more countries are producing that food.
What is ‘GNP’
Gross National Product (GNP) measures the total amount a country makes from selling all the goods and services it produces to other countries around the world
What is ‘GNI’
Gross National Income (GNI) per capita (Per capita means per person). The value of a country’s income, divided by the number of people in that country.
What is the difference between ‘GNP’ and “GNP per capita”
GNP is the total amount the country makes from selling the product and GNP per capita is the total amount the country makes by selling the product divided by the population of the country.
How to measure a country’s development
Through the human development index or through social indicators and economic indicators
What are the components of The Human Development Index?
Health - Average life expectancy at birth
Education – expected years of schooling for adults aged 25 and over
Education – average years of schooling in the adult population
Income – measured by gross national Income per capita
Examples of Economics Indicators
GNI and GNP
Factors Social Indicators focus on
- Education
- Nutrition
- Health
CASE STUDY: How did Nike moving into Vietnam benefit both Nike and Vietnam
- Benefits for Vietnam: More Jobs, More money to the country
- Benefits to Nike: Cheap Materials, Cheap labour supply, operation costs are lower
Positive statistics of Nike in Vietnam
- 30,000 newly employed citizens in Vietnam
- GDP reached 5% 4 years after Nike moved to Vietnam
Negative statistics of Nike in Vietnam
- Only 20 cents an hour
- No protective labour law
- 600 hours of overtime in a year on average
What is ‘Fair Trade’ purpose?
Fair trade helps producers set minimum prices, which help protect fair trade farmers and workers against erratic market prices. If the market price for a commodity drops, the minimum price ensures the farmers and workers still earn enough to cover the basic costs of living.
