Development Flashcards
What is development?
Development is an improvement in a country’s economic and social conditions.
What are HICs, LICs and NEEs?
HIC stands for High Income Country. HICs are usually very well developed e.g. UK
LIC stands for Low Income Country. These are usually under developed e.g. Niger
NEE stands for Newly Emerging Economy. Their development is improving e.g. Brazil
What is the Brandt line and where is it drawn in the world?
The Brandt Line is an imaginary division that has provided a rough way of dividing all of the countries in the world in to the rich north and poor south.
It encircles the world at a latitude of 30° N, passing between North and Central America, north of Africa and India, but lowered towards the south to include Australia and New Zealand above the line.
What are development indicators?
Development indicators are specific statistics and studies used to show the level of development in a country. Single indicators of development include birth rate, GDP, GNI, life expectancy and etc.
What is the Human Development Index?
The Human Development Index (HDI) is an alternative way of measuring development. The HDI for any country is calculated using three variables:
Longevity - a long and healthy life: life expectancy at birth
Knowledge - Education Index: mean years of schooling and expected years of schooling
Income - A decent standard of life. GNI per capita
It is a score between 0 to 1 and can take any value within that. Overall, it is a good way of measuring development.
Why do some countries find development progress so difficult?
War - this can affect development as there is a loss in economically active people and countries have to invest in rebuilding infrastructure because of damage caused by war
Poor Education - this affects development massively because if there is not good education, there will be a lack of skilled workers. Furthermore, if girls aren’t educated there is a huge loss in the amount of talented workers you can have.
Storms because money is diverted to protect country and there is disrupted trade
Other obstacles include corrupt governments, the population size or structure, poor infrastructure, natural disaster and lack of resources.
Why do people migrate long distances to escape their own country?
They could be escaping poverty and they are trying to move to a country that is more developed.
In the country that migrants are attempting to move to, there are better social conditions, better infrastructure (housing, roads and railways) as well as better water supply and different job opportunities and better schools. These are pull factors.
What is Rostow’s model and what are the five stages of it?
Rostow’s model is a way of measuring development. It can be useful because it is a simple way of showing development. However, we must be careful with it because it assumes that development only goes up and it also assumes that all countries have the same resources to begin with. The stages are:
The Traditional Society (Making food for yourself and subsistence farming)
Pre conditions for take off (Cash cropping income)
Take off (Development of factories and industry)
The drive to maturity (rise in service sector and tertiary sector)
High mass consumption (Knowledge based economy)
What is resource security?
The meaning of resource security relates to the ability of humankind to guarantee the availability of natural resources for all people.
What is resource insecurity?
Resource Insecurity is when certain resources cannot be guaranteed for all people.
What are some issues for healthcare in an LIC?
Poor Sanitation - no clean drinking water
Diseases exist in LICs such as dysentery, typhoid, cholera and malaria which is passed by mosquitoes
High population densities - if people are in squatter settlements, they may not be able to pay for healthcare but diseases also spread very quickly there.
Conditions within workplaces
Rural distance to hospitals
Lack of toilets
Resources are limited and expensive
Braindrain of skilled health professionals
