developing theory of evolution Flashcards
what did Georges Cuvier develop
*
Developed the science of paleontology
study of fossils AND CATSTRPHSIM
what is the Idea of Gradualism and who introduced it
James Hutton
Earth’s geological features werein a slow cycle of change
what’s an example of a Geological processes operated at the same rates
and in the same ways in the past as they do today?
Erosion
what is the Theory of Uniformitarianism and evidence and who was it introduced by ?
→
Earth changed by same processes in the past
Evidence: fossil deposits
sir charles lyell
what happened to structures that were used vs unused
Structures used: larger and stronger
structures not used: smaller/weaker
➢ Unused traits would disappear
what did lamarck propose about species evolving over time
• All species evolve over time due to environment
•changes are passed from generation
what is the Essay on Principle of Population and who introduced it
plants and animals produce more offspring than able to survive
→individuals struggled to survive as resources were not enough
THOMAS MALTHUS
what did charles robert darwin think observe on his voyage on the HMS beagle ?
plants and animals in different regions were different from ones in England
and Europe
• Fossils looked similar to species currently living in the same region
what did animals on Islands Galapagos Islands closely
resembled
animals on west coast of South America
what are glyptodon
and megatherium in modern day animals
glyptodon → armadillo
megatherium → sloth
how many finches species were found on galapagos Islands
•
13 distinct species of finches that look similar
what’s the reason for darwin’s finches beak shapes are different
Different foods were on different
islands – finches with bestshaped beaks were able to eat, survive and reproduce to pass their gene
what is the THEORY OF EVOLUTION BY NATURAL SELECTION Observations:
who was it introduced by
SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST
- Individuals within a species vary
- Some variability can be inherited
- generations produce more offspring than can survive
- species stable in size
DARWIN
MEMEBER OF SAME SPECIE COMPETE FOR SURVIVAL
ENVIOURNMENT FAVOUR CERTIAN TRAITS OVER OTHERS
Inferences:
Inferences:
1. Members of same species compete for survival.
2. Individuals with favourable variations more likely to survive and pass them on.
favourable variations
become more common (Natural Selection
TWO KEY ELEMENTS
A. Inherited Variation
B. Environment that favours certain traits over others
where are fossils of more complex organisms found at and what does it ressemble
found at shallower depths
resembled living species
who proposed the idea of catastrophism
George cuvier
pattern of fossils could be acounted for floods, disease, or droyghts that distroyed species in a specific area
species from surrounding replace them
who propsed the idea of use and difuse (structures that were used become stronger/larger and unsed ones become smaller/weaker)
john baptise lamarck
What was LAMark’s theory of evolution by the inheritance of acquired characteristics?
all species evolve overtime
Example giraffes long necks
