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Developing the state Flashcards

1
Q

How did the GDR display a strong relationship with COMECON and Warsaw Pact countries? (3)

A
  • Ulbricht signed bilateral treaties of friendship
  • Warsaw Pact crushed the Prague Spring in 1968
  • Plans for Warsaw Pact military intervention
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2
Q

What was the 1968 Prague Spring?

A

A period of political liberalisation and mass protest in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic

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3
Q

How did the GDR display a strained relationship with COMECON and Warsaw Pact countries? (3)

A
  • Some Warsaw countries resented the arrogance of GDR leadership and their links to the FRG
  • Honecker did not prioritise the relationship
  • Border issues between Poland, Hungary and the West meant the GDR tried to close its borders with these countries
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4
Q

When and what was the Treaty of Moscow?

A
  • 1970
  • FRG and USSR agreed to no territorial claims against each other
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5
Q

When and what was the Treaty of Warsaw?

A
  • 1970
  • FRG accepted the border between GDR and Poland
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6
Q

When and what was the Four Powers’ Agreement?

A
  • 1971
  • Allowed West Berliners to visit East Berlin and secured Soviet acceptance of this provision, reducing threat of conflict over Berlin
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7
Q

When and what was the Basic Treaty?

A
  • 1972
  • FRG and GDR both acknowledge the existence of each other as states
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8
Q

What was the Hallstein doctrine?

A

Committed the FRG to the reunification of Germany, stating only the FRG represented the entire German nation

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9
Q

What was detente?

A

A period of foreign policy aiming to improve superpower relations, such as allowing more communication

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10
Q

What was Ostpolitik?

A

Normalisation of relations between FRG and GDR

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11
Q

Who became Chancellor of the FRG in 1969 and what was his aim?

A
  • Willy Brandt
  • improve relations
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12
Q

What was Willy Brandt the first to do?

A

Visit the GDR as a leading FRG politician

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13
Q

Which of Brandt’s policies was very popular?

A

Increased communication

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14
Q

How did GDR benefit from Ostpolitik?

A

Ending diplomatic isolation and economic advantages

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15
Q

What was the adverse effect of Ostpolitik?

A

Fears of destabilisation caused an increase in GDR solidarity with the USSR

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16
Q

How did travel restrictions reduce for West Berliners in 1963?

A

Allowed a 24 hour pass to visit friends and family

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17
Q

Why were OAPs allowed to visit the West in 1964?

A

The SED were not concerned if they returned or not because they were not economically productive - most returned anyway

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18
Q

From 1964, how many days per year were West Berliners allowed to visit the East?

A

Up to 30

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19
Q

What resumed in 1971 in relation to travel restrictions?

A

Telephone lines between East and West

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20
Q

When and where was Ulbricht’s first official state visit?

A
  • 1965
  • Egypt
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21
Q

How was Willy Brandt received when he visited the GDR?

A

Very enthusiastically

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22
Q

Why were crowds managed when the FRG Chancellor Helmut Schmidt visited the GDR in 1981?

A

Controlled to show loyalty to the GDR

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23
Q

When and where was Honecker’s first official state visit to a Western state?

A
  • 1980
  • Austria
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24
Q

Which Western states did Honecker notably not visit?

A

UK and USA

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25
When did Honecker first visit West Germany?
1987
26
What did Ostpolitik provide the GDR?
International recognition
27
What did the GDR and FRG do in 1973?
Join the UN
28
What was the aim of the Helsinki Accords?
Reduce international tensions
29
When were the Helsinki Accords signed?
1975
30
How many countries signed the Helsinki Accords?
35 - including USA and USSR
31
What was Basket 1 of the Helsinki Accords?
Settle disputes peacefully in acceptance of existing boundaries
32
What was Basket 2 of the Helsinki Accords?
Scientific and technological cooperation
33
What was Basket 3 of the Helsinki Accords?
Human rights, including free migration
34
What was Basket 4 of the Helsinki Accords?
Continue to meet to implement and monitor proposals
35
What are 5 reasons why there was little protest in the GDR toward the Berlin Wall?
- seen as an essential means to the GDR's survival - large and extensive Stasi force - fear of conflict - dampened motivation via physical division - ended border crossers who were widely resented
36
What was Abgrenzung?
The policy of developing clear differences between the FRG and GDR
37
What did the Enrich Honecker regime recognise?
The importance of national feelings and the strength of cultural ties among the people
38
What was the national newspaper of the GDR?
Neues Deutschland
39
What was criminalised in relation to newspapers?
Displaying or reading FRG news
40
What was reported upon in GDR newspapers?
SED leasers were praised and social problems in the FRG were emphasised
41
What percentage of publications were controlled by the FRG?
70%
42
How was censorship of newspapers successful?
Successfully prevented Western propaganda, Neues Deutschland had a large circulation
43
How did radio censorship fail?
Western stations could also be picked up in the GDR and were generally more popular
44
What 4 methods attempted to create a national identity in the GDR?
- Newspapers - Radio - TV - Language
45
How were TV broadcasts carefully scheduled in the GDR?
New and entertainment carefully scheduled to encourage people to watch GDR broadcasts instead of FRG
46
What did Von Schnitzler do?
Broadcasted hostile views of the West, became despised in the GDR for bombardment of propaganda
47
What was the success of TV in the GDR?
There were many culturally adored TV shows made in the GDR
48
What was encouraged in GDR language?
Russian slang
49
How was West Berlin referred to in the GDR?
'Westberlin', presented as a different city
50
What was COMECON?
Council for Mutual Economic Resistance
51
What was COMECON created in response to?
Formation of the European Council in Western Europe
52
When was COMECON?
1949-91
53
What were the advantages of COMECON?
- GDR became most sophisticated economy + living standards in the Eastern Bloc - sheltered GDR from OPEC crisis - made GDR trade more important for the West
54
What were the disadvantages of COMECON?
- products not bought at real market price - USSR reduced oil supplies after a second OPEC crisis - exploited by USSR, pillaged educated experts
55
What did East Germany blame inferior living standards on?
USSR reparations and division from the West
56
When and what was Consumer Socialism?
- 1971 onwards - the theory that a more contented workforce could work longer and harder
57
What did the policy of consumer socialism do in 1972?
Nationalised all private and semi-private businesses
58
What was nationalisation under consumer socialism reversed in 1976?
Loss of enterprises
59
What caused serious economic decline in the 1980s as a result of consumer socialism?
Consistent underinvestment in industry
60
What kind of shops sold high-quality goods?
Delikat and exquisit
61
What damaged the GDR economy by raising oil prices?
OPEC crisis 1973
62
How much in investments did GDR have to secure from the FRG between 1983-4?
2 billion DM
63
What was the New Economic System? (3)
- lower level directors given more power - centralisation - quality over quantity
64
Who was chairman of the New Economic System?
Eric Chapel - former Nazi
65
What was the main success of the New Economic System?
Tolerated by Khrushchev
66
What were 3 failures of the New Economic System?
- Targets not met, lack of consumer goods - Managers lacked financial skills - Created class divide and wealthy individuals
67
What was the focus of the Economic System of Socialism?
High production quotas of computer tech, chemicals and plastics
68
When was the Economic System of Socialism implemented?
1968-70
69
What were the successes of the Economic System of Socialism? (3)
- GNP rose to 5.1% between 1965-70 - industrial production grew - GDR became main trading partner of USSR
70
What were the failures of the Economic System of Socialism? (3)
- never overtook FRG - demand exceeded supply - unexplained shortages of consumer goods
71
Opposition - Funder
'by comparison with other Eastern Bloc countries, East Germany never had much of a culture of opposition'
72
National identity - Funder
'it only took 40 years to create 2 very different kinds of Germans'
73
Economy - Funder quoting Uwe
'they were backward and they were broke'

GDR (4 decks)

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