Developing Fuels Flashcards
Enthalpy
Stored heat energy
Enthalpy change of combustion
Enthalpy change when one mole of a substance is completely combusted under standard conditions
Enthalpy change of neutralisation
Enthalpy change when one mole of water is formed when acid and alkali react under standard conditions
Enthalpy change of formation
Enthalpy change when one mole of a substance is made from its elements under standard conditions
Enthalpy change of neutralisation equation
H+ + OH- —> H2O
Enthalpy change of combustion equation
… + …O2 —> …Co2 + …H2O
Enthalpy change of combustion experiment
measure:
initial + final T
initial + final mass
Volume of water
Enthalpy change of two liquids experiment
Measure:
Volumes of liquid 1 and 2
Start T of liquid 1 and 2
Final T of liquid
Enthalpy change liquid and solid
Measure:
Volume of liquid
Mass of solid
Start and final T
procedural issues + how to fix
Calorimeter not in contact with the flame
-Adjust the height
Exp not under std conditions
-do under std conditions
Incomplete combustion
-Use fuels with fewer C atoms
Hard to read thermometer
-use digital thermometer
Hess Cheat
Only for enthalpy of formation
Sum of prods - sum of reactants
Bond enthalpy values
For breaking one mole of bonds in gaseous molecules
Why is bond enthalpy inaccurate
-The values are averages
-Reactants and Products might not be gases
Bond angle in an alkane
Always 109.5
Alkane reactions (3)
-Combustion
-Cracking
-Radical Substitution