Developer Fundamentals

Question 1

What is MVC?

Answer 1

Model,View,Controller

Question 2

What is Multi-tenant Environment?

Answer 2

Unique URL Endpoints
Governor Limits -
Data Retrieval
Data Creation
API Limits
Benefits - Economy of scale from shared services
Quick Turn around time
Industry standardization

Question 3

What is Lightning Component Framework?

Answer 3

A UI framework by Salesforce for dynamic, responsive web apps on desktop and mobile devices.

• Component-based development. - Event-driven communication. - Responsive design. - Built-in security.

Question 4

What are the capabilities of the Lightning Component Framework?

Answer 4

Aura Components & Lightning Web Components.

The components built using the framework can be added as custom tabs on the navigation bar.
Uses JavaScript on the client-side and Apex on the Server side.

Question 5

What is Component Based Development?

Answer 5

An approach where apps are built by combining reusable, independent components
- Faster development with component reuse. - Easier maintenance and collaboration.

Question 6

What is Lightning Web Components?

Answer 6

A modern UI framework for web apps using web standards like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.

Question 7

What is Global Access modifier?

Answer 7

The global access modifier indicates that this class is accessible outside of its namespace, making it available for use in other namespaces or packages.

Question 8

What is example of Array in Apex?

Answer 8

Contact[] ContactList: This is a public property of the class, and it returns an array of Contact objects.

Question 9

What is example of Controller - getting return of records in Apex class?

Answer 9

global class ListofContactController {

global Contact[] ContactList{
    get{
        return [SELECT Id, Name  FROM Contact];
    }
}

}

Question 10

What is an example of calling a custom controller in visualforce?

Answer 10

<apex:page>
<apex:pageBlock>
<apex:pageBlockTable>
<apex:column></apex:column>
</apex:pageBlockTable>
</apex:pageBlock>
</apex:page>

Question 11

When should you use declarative customizations in Salesforce?

Answer 11

Declarative customizations should be used when possible for simple use cases that do not require complex logic or extensive data processing. They are ideal for scenarios where you can achieve the desired outcome using point-and-click tools like Process Builder, Flow Builder, Workflow Rules, Validation Rules, and Page Layouts.

Question 12

What are some common use cases for declarative customizations?

Answer 12

Automatically assigning record ownership based on criteria. - Sending email notifications when certain conditions are met. - Enforcing data validation rules using Validation Rules. - Customizing the layout and fields on record detail pages with Page Layouts. - Creating simple calculations using Formula Fields.

Question 13

What are the advantages of declarative customizations?

Answer 13

No coding skills required, making it accessible to non-developers. - Faster implementation and easier maintenance. - Built-in features for version control and auditing changes. - Typically fewer governor limit considerations compared to programmatic solutions.

Question 14

When should you consider using programmatic customizations in Salesforce?

Answer 14

Programmatic customizations are necessary when you need to implement complex business logic, extensive data processing, or integrations that cannot be achieved using declarative tools alone. You should consider programmatic solutions when declarative tools cannot meet the specific requirements of your project.

Question 15

What are some common use cases for programmatic customizations?

Answer 15

Complex data transformations and data migrations. - Integrating Salesforce with external systems using APIs. - Implementing custom algorithms or business processes that require conditional logic. - Extensive data manipulation or calculations beyond the capabilities of Formula Fields. - Implementing custom user interfaces or web applications using Visualforce or Lightning components.

Question 16

What are the advantages of programmatic customizations?

Answer 16

Greater flexibility and control over business processes. - Ability to handle complex logic and integrations. - Custom user interface development with Visualforce or Lightning components. - Extensibility and customization of Salesforce beyond the capabilities of declarative tools.

Question 17

What are governor limits in Salesforce, and how do they relate to programmatic customizations?

Answer 17

Governor limits are runtime constraints imposed by Salesforce to ensure the efficient use of system resources and to prevent monopolization of shared resources. Programmatic customizations, such as Apex code and triggers, need to be designed with these limits in mind. Developers must ensure that their code operates within these limits to avoid performance issues and potential exceptions.

Question 18

When is it appropriate to use formula fields in Salesforce?

Answer 18

Formula fields are appropriate for scenarios where you need to calculate values based on data from the same record or related records and display the result in a field. They are useful for simple calculations, such as computing a total amount or determining a record’s status based on certain criteria. Formula fields are an excellent choice when the logic can be expressed using formula functions and does not require extensive processing or external data sources.

Question 19

What are best practices for using formula fields effectively?

Answer 19

• Keep formula fields simple and avoid complex logic. - Minimize the use of cross-object formula fields to avoid performance issues. - Leverage formula functions and operators for efficient calculations. - Test formula fields thoroughly to ensure they produce the expected results. - Document formula logic and field descriptions for clarity.

Question 20

In what scenarios should you consider using roll-up summaries in Salesforce?

Answer 20

Roll-up summaries are valuable when you need to calculate and display aggregated data from related records, such as counting the number of related child records or summing up a specific field’s values from child records. They are most effective when dealing with parent-child relationships in Salesforce objects like Accounts and Contacts or Opportunities and Products. Roll-up summaries simplify reporting and provide real-time visibility into data without the need for custom code or complex queries.

Question 21

What are best practices for using roll-up summaries efficiently?

Answer 21

Identify the appropriate parent-child relationships for roll-up summaries. - Configure the roll-up summary field to perform the desired aggregation, such as COUNT, SUM, or AVG. - Consider using filtering criteria to refine the set of child records to include in the calculation. - Regularly review and maintain roll-up summaries, especially when data models change. - Be mindful of governor limits, as roll-up summaries consume limits when recalculating data.

Question 22

When designing a data model in Salesforce, what factors should be considered?

Answer 22

When designing a data model, consider: - The nature of the business processes being modeled. - The relationships between different data entities. - Data volume and scalability requirements. - Reporting and analytics needs. - Integration requirements with external systems.

Question 23

What is an object in Salesforce, and how does it relate to data modeling?

Answer 23

In Salesforce, an object is a database table that stores specific types of data, such as Accounts, Contacts, or Custom Objects. Objects are used to model and organize data within the application. When designing a data model, you determine which standard and custom objects are needed to represent different data entities and their relationships.

Question 24

When should you create custom objects in Salesforce, and how are they defined?

Answer 24

Custom objects should be created when standard objects do not adequately represent the required data entities or when additional fields and functionality are needed. Custom objects are defined by specifying their name, label, plural label, and other attributes. You can also create custom fields on these objects to capture specific data.

Question 25

How do you define fields on Salesforce objects, and what types of fields are available?

Answer 25

Fields on Salesforce objects are defined by specifying their data type, label, and other attributes. Available field types include text, number, date/time, picklist, formula, and more. Field types determine the kind of data that can be stored in a field. For example, a text field can store alphanumeric characters, while a date/time field stores date and time values. When designing a data model, choose appropriate field types based on the nature of the data being captured.

Question 26

What are relationships between objects in Salesforce, and when should they be used?

Answer 26

Relationships define how objects are related to each other. In Salesforce, you can create relationships like Master-Detail, Lookup, and External Lookup to establish connections between objects. Relationships should be used when there is a need to link one object’s data to another, enabling you to access and display related data efficiently. For example, you might create a Lookup relationship between a Custom Object and the Contact standard object to associate custom records with specific contacts.

Question 27

What is an external ID, and when should you use it in a data model?

Answer 27

An external ID is a custom field on an object that contains unique identifiers from an external system. It is used when you need to integrate Salesforce with an external system and want to establish relationships between records in Salesforce and records in the external system using a common identifier. External IDs help ensure data consistency and accuracy when syncing data between systems. They are commonly used in scenarios like integrating Salesforce with an ERP system or syncing customer data from an external database.

Question 28

How can you access and query data in Salesforce using the data model you’ve designed?

Answer 28

You can access and query data in Salesforce using various methods, including: - SOQL (Salesforce Object Query Language) queries: For retrieving specific records and related data. - Apex code: For programmatic data manipulation and custom business logic. - Reports and Dashboards: For creating visual representations of data. - REST and SOAP APIs: For integrating with external systems. - Custom Lightning components and Visualforce pages: For building custom user interfaces to interact with data. Depending on your requirements, you can choose the most appropriate method to work with the data model you’ve designed.

Question 29

What considerations should be kept in mind when dealing with large data volumes in Salesforce?

Answer 29

When dealing with large data volumes, consider: - Indexing fields used in filters and WHERE clauses to improve query performance. - Using selective filters to reduce the number of records retrieved. - Implementing data archiving and retention policies to manage data growth. - Bulk data load strategies to handle data imports and exports efficiently. - Leveraging features like Big Objects or external storage for handling extremely large datasets. Planning for data scalability is crucial to maintain system performance in Salesforce.

Question 30

What are the primary methods for importing and exporting data in Salesforce development environments?

Answer 30

The primary methods for importing and exporting data in Salesforce development environments include: - Data Import Wizard: A user-friendly web-based tool for importing data in small to medium volumes. - Data Loader: A desktop application for bulk data operations, suitable for larger data volumes. - Salesforce API: REST and SOAP APIs provide programmatic access for data integration and migration. - Data Export: Scheduled backups of data can be downloaded from Salesforce. - Data Transfer Objects (DTOs): Custom Apex code can be written to import and export data using DTOs.

Question 31

When is it appropriate to use the Data Import Wizard?

Answer 31

The Data Import Wizard is appropriate for small to medium-sized data volumes and is suitable for users who are not familiar with coding. It’s commonly used for one-time data imports, lead or contact imports, and basic data migrations.

Question 32

What considerations should be kept in mind when using the Data Import Wizard?

Answer 32

Considerations when using the Data Import Wizard include: - Data volume limits: Ensure the data volume doesn’t exceed the tool’s capacity. - Data format: Prepare data in a compatible format (CSV or Excel) before importing. - Record ownership: Specify the owner for imported records. - Field mapping: Map source fields to Salesforce fields accurately. - Validation rules: Ensure data meets validation criteria defined in Salesforce.

Question 33

When is Data Loader a preferred choice for data import and export tasks?

Answer 33

Data Loader is preferred for larger data volumes, complex data transformations, and when automation is needed. It’s a command-line tool suitable for bulk operations and scheduled data loads. Data Loader also provides more control over the import and export process, making it a good choice for developers and administrators.

Question 34

What are some best practices when using Data Loader for data migration?

Answer 34

Best practices with Data Loader include: - Testing in a sandbox: Always test data loads in a sandbox environment before executing in production. - Data mapping: Ensure accurate field mapping between source and target fields. - CSV format: Use CSV files with headers for structured data. - Batch size: Adjust batch sizes to optimize performance. - Error handling: Monitor and address any data import errors promptly.

Question 35

How can Salesforce APIs be used for data integration and migration tasks?

Answer 35

Salesforce APIs, including REST and SOAP, provide programmatic access for data integration and migration. They are suitable for real-time data synchronization, integration with external systems, and automation of data transfer tasks. Developers can write custom code to interact with these APIs to import and export data. Considerations include API limits, authentication, and security when using Salesforce APIs for data operations.

Question 36

What options are available for scheduled data exports in Salesforce?

Answer 36

Salesforce provides options for scheduled data exports, such as: - Weekly Data Export: Automated weekly backups of your data. - Data Export Service: Scheduled exports to a secure FTP server. - Salesforce Connect: Real-time access to external data sources without manual imports. - Custom scripts: Use Apex, Heroku, or third-party tools to schedule data exports and integrations as needed.

Question 37

When is it appropriate to use custom Apex code or Data Transfer Objects (DTOs) for data import and export?

Answer 37

Custom Apex code and DTOs are suitable when you need highly customized data transformation, complex logic, or real-time integration. These options offer maximum flexibility but require development expertise. Use custom code when out-of-the-box tools cannot meet your specific requirements or when you need to perform extensive data manipulation during the import or export process.

Question 38

What considerations should be taken into account when using custom Apex code or DTOs for data operations?

Answer 38

Considerations for custom Apex code and DTOs include: - Code maintainability: Ensure code is well-documented and follows best practices. - API limits: Be mindful of governor limits to avoid performance issues. - Bulk processing: Implement efficient batch processing for large datasets. - Error handling: Plan for error detection and logging to troubleshoot issues. - Version control: Maintain code versioning for future enhancements and updates.

Question 39

What is Visualforce in Salesforce?

Answer 39

Visualforce is a framework in Salesforce for building custom user interfaces and web applications. It allows developers to create dynamic and interactive pages using a combination of HTML, Apex code, and Visualforce components.

Question 40

What is the purpose of Visualforce methods?

Answer 40

Visualforce methods are used to define custom actions and behavior in Visualforce pages. They allow developers to perform server-side operations, manipulate data, and control the flow of the page. Visualforce methods are written in Apex and can be invoked from Visualforce pages to handle user interactions and perform business logic.

Question 41

How are Visualforce methods declared and defined?

Answer 41

Visualforce methods are declared within the <apex:page> component using the apex:page attribute controller to specify the Apex class that contains the methods. These methods are defined in the Apex class and marked as public or global to make them accessible from Visualforce pages.</apex:page>

Question 42

What is the syntax for calling a Visualforce method in a page?

Answer 42

To call a Visualforce method in a page, you use the {!} expression syntax followed by the method name, like {!methodName}. This allows you to invoke the method and display its result or perform actions when an event occurs, such as a button click or page load.

Question 43

What are some common use cases for Visualforce methods?

Answer 43

Visualforce methods are used for a variety of purposes, including: - Executing custom data queries and retrieving records. - Performing data validation and enforcing business rules. - Handling user input and form submissions. - Triggering server-side actions like record creation or updates. - Controlling the page’s navigation and redirection. - Dynamically generating and rendering content based on data or user interactions.

Question 44

How can Visualforce methods handle errors and exceptions?

Answer 44

Visualforce methods can use exception handling techniques in Apex, such as try-catch blocks, to catch and handle errors gracefully. When an exception occurs, you can display a custom error message or redirect users to an error page. Proper error handling ensures a better user experience and helps troubleshoot issues effectively.

Question 45

What is the difference between a getter and an action method in Visualforce?

Answer 45

Getter methods are used to retrieve data from the controller and display it on the Visualforce page. They are read-only methods and do not perform data updates. - Action methods, on the other hand, are used to execute server-side actions or perform updates based on user interactions. They can be used to submit forms, save records, or trigger other server-side operations. Action methods can modify data and perform both read and write operations.

Question 46

How can Visualforce methods interact with JavaScript on the client side?

Answer 46

Visualforce methods can be used in conjunction with JavaScript to create dynamic and responsive user interfaces. You can use JavaScript to call Visualforce methods asynchronously, update page elements based on method results, or handle client-side events. This combination of Visualforce and JavaScript allows for a rich user experience and real-time interactions.

Question 47

What is the relationship between Visualforce pages and controllers?

Answer 47

Visualforce pages are associated with controllers that define the behavior and logic of the page. A Visualforce page can have a single controller or multiple controllers, allowing for modular and reusable code. The controller is responsible for handling data interactions, method calls, and providing data to the page for rendering. Visualforce pages and controllers work together to create a complete user interface.

Question 48

What are some best practices for working with Visualforce methods?

Answer 48

Best practices for Visualforce methods include: - Keep logic in the controller: Place most of the business logic in the controller to separate concerns and maintain a clean presentation layer. - Use efficient queries: Optimize data queries to minimize database access and improve page performance. - Follow naming conventions: Use meaningful names for methods to enhance code readability. - Implement proper error handling: Handle exceptions gracefully and provide user-friendly error messages. - Test thoroughly: Perform unit testing and validation to ensure method behavior is as expected. - Document code: Maintain documentation for methods and their purpose to aid in future maintenance.

Question 49

What is example of Getter Method in Visualforce?

Answer 49

VF - <apex:page>
<apex:outputText></apex:outputText>
</apex:page>

Apex Class:

public class MyController {
public String messageFromController {
get {
// This is a getter method.
// It returns a message that will be displayed on the Visualforce page.
return ‘Hello from the controller!’;
}
}
}

Question 50

How Can a Developer check user has read access to a field if the field is display on Visual-force page?

Answer 50

Call the isAccessible() method of Schema.DescribeFieldResult to verify field level read permission.

Question 51

What are examples of Apex Runtime Engine enforcing the governor limits?

Answer 51

Total Number of records retrieved by SOQL queries
Time executing a SOQL query
CPU time per transaction.

Question 52

What is an External Lookup?

Answer 52

Can be used to link a child’s external object to a parent standard or custom object.

Question 53

What is an Indirect Lookup?

Answer 53

links a child standard,custom, or external object to a parent external object.

Question 54

What following events are fired when an Aura Component loads on a page?

Answer 54

The ‘init’ event signal that a component initialization is complete. The render event trigger the start of component rendering. The after render event signals that the rendering is complete.

Question 55

How can I get the sObject type that similar to another object?

Answer 55

getSObjectType()
getSObjectType() method is used to retrieve the sObject type of a record. It is a method available on the SObject class, which is the base class for all standard and custom objects in Salesforce.

Question 56

What is Dynamic SOQL?

Answer 56

refers to the capability to construct and execute SOQL queries dynamically at runtime. This means that you can build and modify the query string based on various conditions or user input rather than writing a fixed, static query in your code. Dynamic SOQL allows you to create more flexible and adaptable queries.

Question 57

Triggers and order of Execution

Answer 57

System Validation Rules:

Verify that required fields have values.
Run any system validation rules.
Before Triggers:

Execute any ‘before’ triggers.
Custom Validation Rules:

Run any custom validation rules.
Record Type-specific Validation Rules:

Execute validation rules specific to the record type.
Duplicate Rules:

Check for duplicate records.
After Triggers:

Execute any ‘after’ triggers.
Assignment Rules:

Run assignment rules.
Auto-Response Rules:

If the record meets criteria defined in an auto-response rule, send an auto-response email.
Workflow Rules:

Evaluate workflow rules.
Before and After Update Flows:

Execute any ‘before’ or ‘after’ update flows.
Processes:

Execute processes.
Roll-up Summary Fields:

Update any parent roll-up summary fields.
Criteria-based Sharing Rules:

Apply any criteria-based sharing rules.
System Post-Commit Logic:

Perform system post-commit logic, such as sending email.
Post-Commit Flows:

Execute any post-commit flows.