Devanagari Flashcards
अ
a - short near-open central vowel or schwa: u in bunny
आ
ā - long open back unrounded vowel: a in father
इ
i - short close front unrounded vowel: e in england
ई
ī - long close front unrounded vowel: ee in feet
उ
u - short close back rounded vowel: oo in foot
ऊ
ū - long close back rounded vowel: oo in cool
ऋ
ṛ - syllabic alveolar trill: closest to er in butter in rhotic accents
ॠ
ṝ - syllabic alveolar trill: closest to ir in bird in rhotic accents
ऌ
ḷ - syllabic dental lateral approximant: le in turtle
ए
e - long close-mid front unrounded vowel: a in bane (some speakers)
ऐ
ai - a long diphthong: i in ice, i in kite (US, Canadian, and Scottish English)
ओ
o - long close-mid back rounded vowel: o in bone (Scottish English)
औ
au - a long diphthong: ou in house (Canadian English)
क
ka - velar- stop, unvoiced, unaspirated - /kə/; English: skip
ख
kha - velar- stop, unvoiced, aspirated - /kʰə/; English: cat
ग
ga - velar- stop, voiced, unaspirated - /ɡə/; English: game
घ
gha - velar- stop, voiced, aspirated - /ɡʱə/; similar to English: doghouse
ङ
ṅa - velar- nasal, voiced, unaspirated - /ŋə/; English: ring
ह
ha - glottal- sibilant, voiced, aspirated - /ɦə/; English ahead
च
ca - palatal- stop, unvoiced, unaspirated - /cə/; English: exchange
छ
cha - palatal- stop, unvoiced, aspirated - /cʰə/; English: church
ज
ja - palatal- stop, voiced, unaspirated - /ɟə/; English: jam
झ
jha - palatal- stop, voiced, aspirated - /ɟʱə/; similar to English: hedgehog
ञ
ña - palatal- nasal, voiced, unaspirated - [ ɲə]; English: bench
य
ya - palatal- semivowel, voiced, unaspirated - /jə/; English: you
श
śa - palatal- sibilant, unvoiced, aspirated - /ɕə/; as in Shiva or English: ship
ट
ṭa - retroflex- stop, unvoiced, unaspirated - /ʈə/; English: stop
ठ
ṭha - retroflex- stop, unvoiced, aspirated - /ʈʰə/; English: top
ड
ḍa - retroflex- stop, voiced, unaspirated - /ɖə/; English: door
ढ
ḍha - retroflex- stop, voiced, aspirated - /ɖʱə/; similar to English: adhere
ण
ṇa - retroflex- nasal, voiced, unaspirated - /ɳə/; English: name
र
ra - retroflex- semivowel, voiced, unaspirated - /ɽə/; American English: butter
ष
ṣa - retroflex- sibilant, unvoiced, aspirated - Retroflex form of /ʃ/; As in Krishna
त
ta - dental- stop, unvoiced, unaspirated -/t̪ə/; Spanish: tomate
थ
tha - dental- stop, unvoiced, aspirated - /t̪ʰə/; Aspirated /t̪/
द
da - dental- stop, voiced, unaspirated - /d̪ə/; Spanish: donde
ध
dha - dental- stop, voiced, aspirated - /d̪ʱə/; Aspirated /d̪/
न
na - dental- nasal, voiced, unaspirated - /n̪ə/; Spanish: nombre
ल
la - dental- semivowel, voiced, unaspirated - /l̪ə/; Spanish: la
स
sa - dental- sibilant, unvoiced, aspirated - /s̪ə/; English: same
प
pa - labial- stop, unvoiced, unaspirated - /pə/; English: spin
फ
pha - dental- stop, unvoiced, aspirated - /pʰə/; English: pit
ब
ba - dental- stop, voiced, unaspirated - /bə/; English: bone
भ
bha - dental- stop, voiced, aspirated - /bʱə/; similar to English: clubhouse
म
ma - dental- nasal, voiced, unaspirated - /mə/; English: mine
व
va - labio-dental- semivowel, voiced, unaspirated - /ʋə/; English: vase
