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QUESTIONS > DEV PSYCHOLOGY > Flashcards

DEV PSYCHOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

Developmental Psychology

A

It refers to the discipline that attempts to describe and explain the changes that occur over time in the thought, behavior, reasoning, and functioning of a person due to biological, individual, and environmental influences.

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2
Q

What is Development Psychology?

A

Physical
Social
Cognitive
Emotional
Moral

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3
Q

Maturation in Dev Psy

A

Biological

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4
Q

Dev Psychologists will agree that

A

Aging by itself technically causes nothing

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5
Q

The Debates in Development Psychology

A
  1. Nature vs. Nurture
  2. Pessimistic vs. Optimistic
  3. Continuous vs. Discontinuous
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6
Q

Nature vs. Nurture

A

Are we born with our capabilities, knowledge, morals and values or does society shape, cultivate and support our infant into a full member of humanity?

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7
Q

Nature

A

Genetics/Heredity

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8
Q

Nurture

A

Family, society, education, and other social factors

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9
Q

Twin Studies
Twin Pairs raised by different parents
100

A

Nature vs. Nurture

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10
Q

Nature vs. Nurture

A

In the 21st century, most psychologists will concede that it is likely that there is an interaction between the two that can be identified as a point on a continuum.

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11
Q

Pessimistic vs. Optimistic

A

Are you a product of your early experiences or are you continuing to change and grow as an adult?

Freud vs. Adler

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12
Q

Pessimistic vs. Optimistic

A

Pessimistic: Early experiences matter
Optimistic: Later choices matter

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13
Q

Continuous vs. Discontinuous

A

Does development follow certain life stages or do we gradually and continually process different aspects of development since the time of birth?

Freud vs. Adler

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14
Q

Continuous vs. Discontinuous

A

Continuous: Constant, consistent improvement or growth
Discontinuous: improvement or growth occurs in certain stages

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15
Q

Stage theories

A

Based on observation of behavior and the calculation of what most children can do at what age.

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16
Q

Continuous theories

A

Assumes that development is lifelong, multidimensional, plastic, and can be affected by many elements.

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17
Q

Continuous Theories
Influences on Development

A

Normative age graded influences are biological and environmental influences in a particular age group. e.g. puberty/adolescence

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18
Q

Continuous Theories
Influences on Development

A

Normative history graded influences are common to People of a particular generation because of the historical circumstances they experience. e.g. weather (draught), wars

19
Q

Continuous Theories
Influences on Development

A

Nonnormative life events are unusual occurrences that have a major impact on an individual’s life. The occurrence, pattern, and sequence of these events are not applicable to many individuals. e.g. moving, divirce

20
Q

Research Methods in Life Span Development

A

Cross sectional
Longitudinal
Time-lag
Time sequential

21
Q

Cross Sectional Studies

A

Investigating the form of play during early childhood, middle childhood, and late childhood.

Example:
Level of Anxiety among students during pandemic

22
Q

Longitudinal Studies

A

Marshmallow Test: do the children who waited for the second marshmallow end up more successful during school age?

Example:
The quality of Life from Adulthood to Middle Age
The impact of parenting style on self-esteem

23
Q

Time Lag Studies

A

Rates pregnancy across generations
Fashion trends then and now
Social media uses across time

24
Q

Time Sequential Design

A

Studying the mathematical skills of 5 years olds and 10 year olds; Reassessment every 6 months for the next 5 years

25
Q

Perspective that draws more on the nature side

A

Biological Perspective

26
Q

Theoretical Perspectives in Lifespan Development

A

Psychoanalytic
Biological
Learning
Cognitive
Integrative

27
Q

Psychoanalytic Perspectives

A

Sigmund Freud: Psychosexual
Erik Erikson: Psychosocial

28
Q

Biological Perspectives

A

Arnold Gesell: Maturational
John Bowlby: Attachment
Konrad Lorenz: Ethology
Mary Ainsworth: Attachment

29
Q

Learning Perspectives

A

Ivan Pavlov: Classical Conditioning
BF Skinner: Operant Conditioning
Albert Bandura: Social Learning

30
Q

Cognitive Perspective

A

Jean Piaget: Cognitive Development

31
Q

Integrative Perspectives

A

Lev Vygotsky: Sociocultural
Urie Bronfenbrenner: Bioecological

32
Q

Gender Identity is being formed during

A

Phallic Stage (Major milestone)

33
Q

Lack of toilet training may lead to ______ personality.

A

Expulsive

34
Q

Oral

A

•Forceful Feeding
•Underfed
Oral Passive: trusting, depedency
•Overfed
Oral Aggressive: aggressive, dominating

35
Q

Anal

A

•Toilet Training
•Too Harsh
Anal Retentive: tidiness, obsessiveness, mean, stubborn
•Too Lax
Anal Expulsive: untidiness, generosity

36
Q

Phallic

A

Abnormal family set up leading to unusual relationship with mother/father

Ex.
Vanity,self obsession, sexual anxiety, inadequacy, inferiority, envy

37
Q

Genital

A

Settling down in a loving one to one relationship with another.

Ex.
Well adjusted, mature, able to love and be loved. Sexual instinct is directed to hetoresexual pleasure

38
Q

Gesell’s Maturity Theory

A

Environment + Genetics

Since our individual rate of development is pre-determined by our genetics, we cannot force advancement ahead of schedule

✓ We were born with an “internal body clock”
✓ On demand parenting is necessary in the early months

39
Q

Ainsworth’s Attachment Style

A

The strange situation study

This is a seven phase study design to reflect the naturalistic observations Ainsworth had made of parent-child daily interaction.

40
Q

Avoidant

A

✓ Few or no signs of missing the parent
✓ actively ignores and avoids her upon reunion

41
Q

Secure

A

✓ Show signs of missing the mother when she left
✓ Child made efforts to reunite with the mother when she returned

42
Q

Ambivalent

A

✓ Infant becomes distressed when the mother leaves but cannot be settled by the parent upon reunion

43
Q

Disorganized

A

✓ Show reunion behaviors that could not be included in other categories

44
Q

Bowlby’s Attachment Theory

A

The existence of a strong, emotional bond is essential in producing emotionally stable, happy children. Without this bond, the child would experience maternal deprivation and the child would be damaged forever.

QUESTIONS (4 decks)

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