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FINALS > Dev. Psych. > Flashcards

Dev. Psych. Flashcards

1
Q

First phase; last from conception through implantation—developing zygote becomes firmly attached to the wall uterus; 10-14 days

A

Period of Zygote

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2
Q

It is a ball-like structure formed when all resulting cells continue to divide, containing 60-80 cells within 4 days of conception.

A

Blastocyst

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3
Q

What is the inner layer of blastocyst?

A

Embryo

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4
Q

What is the outer layer of blastocyst?

A

Tissues—to protect & nourish the embryo

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5
Q

4 (membranes) major support structured formed by the blastocyst’s outer layer to protect & nourish the developing organism.

A
  1. Amnion
  2. Yolk sac
  3. Chorion
  4. Allantois
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6
Q

One membrane; watertight sac that fills with fluid from the pregnant woman’s tissues; to cushion the developing organism; regulates temperature; easier for embryo to move

A

Amnion; amniotic fluid

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7
Q

Second membrane; produced blood cells until the embryo is capable of producting its own.

A

Yolk sac

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8
Q

Third membrane; surrounds amnion & eventually becomes the lining of placenta—multi-purpose organ

A

Chorion

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9
Q

Fourth membrane; forms the embryo’s umbilical cord

A

Allantois

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10
Q

Second phase of prenatal development; lasts from beg. of 3rd week through the end of 8th week; all major organs are formed; heart begins to beat

A

Period of embryo

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11
Q

Three cell layers formed by emryonic disk:

A
  1. Ectoderm - outer layer; nervous system; skin; hair
  2. Mesoderm - middle layer; muscles; bones; circulatory system
  3. Endoderm - inner layer; digestive system; lungs; urinary track; pancreas; liver
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12
Q

Formed by emryonic disk; outer layer; nervous system; skin; hair

A

Ectoderm

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13
Q

Formed by emryonic disk; middle layer; muscles; bones; circulatory system

A

Mesoderm

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14
Q

Formed by emryonic disk; inner layer; digestive system; lungs; urinary track; pancreas; liver

A

Endoderm

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15
Q

Third phase; lasts from 9th week until birth; all major organ systems begin to function & dev. organism grows rapidly

A

Period of fetus

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16
Q

The phase where development of unique characteristics—diff. patterns of movement & facial expressions happen; digestive and excretory systems working together

A

Period of fetus

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17
Q

It is a male sex hormone responsible foe dev. of penis & and scrotum, and it is what testes secretes.

A

Testosterone

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18
Q

A white, cheesy substance that covers the fetus to protect fetal skin against chopping during its long exposure to amniotic liquid.

A

Vernix

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19
Q

It is a fine layer of hair that helps vernix stick to the skin.

A

Lanugo

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20
Q

It happens when one egg cell/ovum further divides into two after being fertilized by one sperm—same genetic constitutions; same sex & similar looks

A

Identical/Monozygotic twins

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21
Q

Arise from two eggs/ova that are fertilized by 2 diff. sperm cells.

A

Non-identical/fraternal/dizygotic twins

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22
Q

(2) Multiple births:

A
  1. Identical/Monozygotic twins
  2. Non-identical/fraternal/dizygotic twins
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23
Q

(5) Types of birth:

A
  1. Natural/spontaneous birth
  2. Instrument birth
  3. Breech birth
  4. Transerve presentation birth
  5. Cesarean-section birth
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24
Q

A type of birth where the head emerges first.

A

Natural/spontaneous birth

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25
Q

A type of birth that is employed when fetus is too large or its position does now allow normal birth.

A

Instrument birth

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26
Q

A type of birth wherein the fetal buttocs of fetus appear first.

A

Breech birth

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27
Q

A type of birth wherein the fetus lies crosswise on the mother’s uterus.

A

Tranverse presentation birth

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28
Q

A type of birth wherein the fetus is delivered surgically by means of slit.

A

Cesarean-section birth

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29
Q

It is a phase wherein the cervix dilates from 4 to 8 cm.

A

Active phase

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30
Q

It is a phase wherein the cervix dilates from 8 to 10 centimeters.

A

Transition phase

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31
Q

Three process of birth:

A
  1. Contractions the dilate cervix;
  2. Baby’s delivery;
  3. Afterbirth
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32
Q

A test used to assess newborn’s condition immediately after birth.

A

Apgar test

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33
Q

It is administered a few days later—more extensive measure of the baby’s health and well-being.

A

Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS)

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34
Q

It is a potentially serious birth complication that can cause brain damage and other defects.

A

Anoxia

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35
Q

It refers to any disease, drug, or other environmental agent that can harm a developing embryo or fetus by causing physical deformities, severely retarded growth, blindness, brain damage, or even death.

A

Teratogen

36
Q

A disease that has little effect on a pregnant woman but may cause a number of serious birth defects in developing organisms who are exposed in the first 3 to 4 months of pregnancy.

A

Rubella (German measles)

37
Q

A disease caused by a parasite found in raw meat and cat feces; can cause birth defects if transmitted to an embryo in the first trimester and miscarriage later in pregnancy.

A

Toxoplasmosis

38
Q

A common sexually transmitted disease that may cross the placental barrier in the middle and later stages of pregnancy, causing miscarriage or serious birth defects.

A

Syphilis

39
Q

A sexually transmitted disease that can infect infants at birth, causing blindness, brain damage, or even death.

A

Genital herpes

40
Q

A viral disease that can be transmitted from a mother to her fetus or neonate and that results in a weakening of the body’s immune system and, ultimately, death.

A

Immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

41
Q

A mild tranquilizer that, taken early in pregnancy, can produce a variety of malformations of the limbs, eyes, ears, and heart.

A

Thalidomide

42
Q

A synthetic hormone, formerly prescribed to prevent miscarriage, that can produce cervical cancer in female offspring and genital-tract abnormalities in males.

A

Diethylstilbestrol (DES)

43
Q

A group of serious congenital problems commonly observed in the offspring of mothers who abuse alcohol during pregnancy; leads to malformations.

A

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

44
Q

A group of mild congenital problems that are sometimes observed in children of mothers who drink sparingly to moderately during pregnancy; leads to retarded physical growth & minor physical abnormalities.

A

Fetal alcohol effects (FAE)

45
Q

It is caused by cigarette smoking, in which the upper lip has a vertical (or pair of vertical) openings or grooves.

A

Cleft lip congenital disorder

46
Q

7 Developmental Principles

A
  1. Development is life long.
  2. Development is multidimensional.
  3. Development is multidirectional.
  4. Development Science is multidisciplinary.
  5. Relative Influences of Biology and Culture shift over the life span (Contextual).
  6. Development involves changing resource allocations.
  7. Development shows plasticity.
47
Q

A principle stating that each period is affected by what happened before and will affect what is to come. It encompasses the entire lifespan, from conception to death.

A

Development is life long

48
Q

A principle stating that development is affected by multiple interacting dimensions such as physical, cognitive, and psychosocial. Many diverse patterns of change, such as direction, timing, and order vary among individuals and affect the ways in which they develop.

A

Development is multidimensional

49
Q

A principle stating that as people gain in one area, they may lose some aspects as well. It results in gains and losses throughout life. For example, the developmental timing of events can affect individuals in different ways because of their current level of maturity and understanding.

A

Development is multidirectional

50
Q

A principle stating that psychologists, neuroscientists, and medical researchers all share the same interest in unlocking the mysteries of development. The study of lifespan development involves researchers from various fields such as psychology, sociology, anthropology, neuroscience, and medicine.

A

Development Science is multidisciplinary

51
Q

A principle stating that each person develops multiple contexts. Development is influenced by contextual and socio- cultural influences. This includes influences from immediate settings like family and school to broader contexts like culture and society.

A

Relative Influences of Biology and Culture shift over the life span (Contextual)

52
Q

A principle that involves growth, maintenance, and regulation of loss.

A

Development involves changing resource allocations

53
Q

A principle stating that many abilities can be improved with training and practice. It means that characteristics are malleable or changeable. This belief clearly emphasizes that all stages of the lifespan contribute to the regulation of the nature of human development.

A

Development shows plasticity

54
Q

It refers to age-appropriate expectations or responsibilities that individuals are expected to master/accomplish within a certain period.

A

Developmental Tasks

55
Q

Its purpose is to help individuals acquire necessary skills, knowledge, and competencies to navigate life’s challenges successfully.

A

Developmental Task

56
Q

It refer to obstacles or difficulties that individuals encounter during their developmental journey—can arise from environmental, societal, or personal factors, and they can vary widely in nature and intensity.

A

Developmental Challenges

57
Q

Its purpose is to provide opportunities for individuals to develop resilience, problem-solving skills, and coping strategies. Overcoming challenges can lead to personal growth and increased adaptability.

A

Developmental Challenges

58
Q

It is a specific, observable achievements or markers of progress that typically occur at particular stages of development. These serve as indicators of a person’s developmental progress and can encompass physical, cognitive, emotional, and social domains.

A

Developmental Milestones

59
Q

It helps professionals and caregivers assess whether an individual is meeting expected developmental norms. They also aid in identifying potential developmental delays or issues.

A

Developmental Milestones

60
Q

(5) Chromosomal Abnormalities

A
  1. Down syndrome (Trisomy 21)
  2. Klinefelter syndrome
  3. Fragile X syndrome
  4. Turner syndrome
  5. XYY syndrome
61
Q

It refers to chromosomal abnormality wherein there is an extra copy of chromosome 21; surgery.

A

Down syndrome

62
Q

It refers to chromosomal abnormality wherein there is an extra X chromosome; hormone therapy.

A

Klinefelter syndrome

63
Q

It refers to chromosomal abnormality in X chromosome causes ID SPED; speech therapy.

A

Fragile X syndrome

64
Q

It refers to chromosomal abnormality wherein there is a missing X chromosome for females; hormone therapy.

A

Turner’s syndrome

65
Q

It refers to chromosomal abnormality wherein there is an extra Y chromosome; no treatment.

A

XYY syndrome

66
Q

It is a critical period that can be influenced by both heredity and environmental factors. It also refers to the process that occurs to the formation of embryo through the development of fetus to birth.

A

Prenatal development

67
Q

(3) Significant developments which embryo and fetus undergo:

A
  1. Physical development
  2. Cognitive development
  3. Socio-Emotional development
68
Q

It is a result of excessive alcohol consumption during pregnancy, which is characterized by physical abnormalities, intellectual disabilities, and socio-emotional difficulties in the affected child.

A

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

69
Q

It can impact the socio-emotional development of the fetus and may influence the development of the fetus’ stress response system, potentially leading to heightened reactivity to stress later in life.

A

Maternal Stress

70
Q

It refers to emotional connection between the mother and the developing fetus that can impact the child’s socio-emotional development.

A

Prenatal Bonding

71
Q

It refers to the discovery of prenatal health issues or developmental disorders through prenatal testing, which can create emotional stress and decision-making challenges for expectant parents.

A

Prenatal Diagnosis

72
Q

It is a period of significant physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development, but it is also marked by several unique challenges. These challenges are part of the process of forming one’s identity and transitioning into adulthood.

A

Adolescence

73
Q

It refers to where adolescents undergo a process of identity exploration, trying to answer fundamental questions about who they are and what they believe. This exploration can be accompanied by confusion and self-doubt as they grapple with issues of self-identity, values, and beliefs.

A

Identity Formation

74
Q

Adolescents often face this to conform to social norms and engage in risky behaviors, such as experimenting with drugs, alcohol, or engaging in sexual activity. The desire to fit in can lead to difficult decisions and potentially negative consequences.

A

Peer Pressure

75
Q

It is a result of academic demands of middle and high school as adolescents may experience stress related to exams, homework, college preparation, and the pressure to excel academically.

A

Academic stress

76
Q

This can lead to issues like poor self-esteem, eating disorders, and excessive concern about physical appearance.

A

Body Image and Self-Esteem

77
Q

The desire for independence often leads to conflict between adolescents and their parents. Establishing autonomy while maintaining healthy family relationships can be a source of tension.

A

Parent-Adolescent Conflict

78
Q

Coming to terms with adolescents’ sexual identity and disclosing it to others can be a challenging and emotional process.

A

Sexual Identity and Orientation

79
Q

It can take various forms, including physical, verbal, and through the internet. Adolescents who are victims of this may experience emotional distress and have difficulty coping with the negative effects.

A

Bullying and Cyberbullying

80
Q

It refers to a behavior where adolescents are more prone to be risky due to their still developing impulse control and decision-making skills.

A

Risk-Taking Behavior

81
Q

Adolescence is a vulnerable period, and these conditions can have a significant impact on an adolescent’s well-being and development.

A

Mental Health Concerns

82
Q

Adolescents may experience challenges related to peer conflict, peer rejection, and feelings of social exclusion.

A

Peer Relationships

83
Q

Adolescents may feel this and make important decisions about their future, such as choosing a college or career path. This can be overwhelming and lead to anxiety about the future.

A

Pressure to Plan for the Future

84
Q

It is a challenge that involves the ubiquity of technology, and social media can lead to challenges related to excessive screen time, cyberbullying, and social comparisons that impact self-esteem.

A

Technology and Screen Time

85
Q

You’re doing well.

A

<3

86
Q

Good luck sa finals!

A

<3

87
Q

Grabe, ang galing!

A

<3

FINALS (1 decks)

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