Dev Of Test And Measurement Flashcards
★ A relative of Francis Galton.
★ Published the highly influential book, The Origin of Species, in 1859.
★ Higher forms of life evolved partially because of forms of life within a species.
★ Believed that those with the best or most adaptive
characteristics survive at the expense of those who are less
fit and that survivors pass their characteristics on to the next generation.
Charles Darwin
★ A relative of Charles Darwin.
★ Thought intelligence “ran” in families. It was heritable.
★ Development of statistics
- measure the extent to which variables are related
- allows objective measure of heritability
★ Development of assessment of intelligence.
- objective measure of “genius”
★ Famous for his idea of the “G Factor”.
Francis Galton
★ Developed a mathematical models of the mind.
★ He used a these models as the basis for educational
theories that strongly influenced 19th century educational practices.
Johann Friedrich Herbart
★ Attempted to demonstrate the existence of a psychological threshold, the minimum stimulus necessary to activate a sensory system.
★ One of the founders of “Experimental Psychology”.
Ernst Heinrich Weber
★ One of the co-founders of Experimental Psychology
★ Devised the law that the strength of a sensation grows
as the logarithm of the stimulus intensity.
Gustav Theodor Fechner
★ Father of Experimental Psychology & Modern Psychology
★ Established the first, “Formal Psychological Laboratory for research” in University of Leipzig.
★ Was the first person to coined himself a “Psychologist”.
Wilhelm Wundt
★ Studied with Wundt
★ Individual differences
★ From Galton adopted tests of sensory/motor function
★ Coined term “mental tests”.
★ Prepared U.S. for acceptance of psychological tests.
James Mckeen Cattell
★ Developed the first intelligence test to identify MR children.
★ separating MR from mainstream children
★ Measured higher intellectual processes
Alfred Binet
★ Worked with Alfred Binet to develop the Binet-Simon
scale, one of the most widely used scales in the world for measuring intelligence.
Theodore Simon
★ Revised the Binet test for use in the United States.
★ Terman’s revision, known as the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale.
★ It was the only American version of the Binet test that was flourished.
Lewis Terman
★ Has been credited with establishing the discipline of mathematical statistics.
Karl Pearson
★ He conceived the approach to measurement known as the law of comparative judgment, and is well known for his contributions to factor analysis.
Louis Leon Thurstone
★ He is credited with developing an influential theory of
personality.
★ Creating new methods for statistical analysis.
★ Responsible for developing the “theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence”.
Raymond Cattell
★ Known as the “test guru”.
★ Focused on what she believed to be the appropriate use of psychometric tests.
Anne Anastasi
★ He was the president of American Psychological Association.
★ Headed a committee of distinguished psychologists who developed two structured group tests of human abilities:
The Army Alpha and the Army Beta.
Army Alpha. required reading ability.
Army Beta. measured the intelligence of illiterate adults
Robert Yerkes
★ His education in art helped to spur the development of a set of inkblots.
★ inkblots were used experimentally to measure various unconscious parts of the subject’s personality.
Hermann Rorschach
★ Developed a theory of personality called personology, based on “need” and “press”.
Henry Murray
★ Lay psychoanalyst at Harvard University.
Christina Morgan
★ used competitive exam for civil service positions.
★ Civil law, military affairs, agriculture, revenue, and
geography
★ Testing extremely rigorous
- Confucian classics was emphasized.
★ Only 3% of the group became eligible for public office.
Ancient China
★ Writings about personality in relation to bodily fluids.
Greco-Roman
★ Testing occurred for recruitment.
World War I
studied mental processes to formulate general laws of behavior.
★ could obtain consistent results for each person from trial to trial however, differences between people remained: viewed these individual differences as error.
Wundt
