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Life on earth > Deutrostomes (Deutro) > Flashcards

Deutrostomes (Deutro) Flashcards

1
Q

What are deutrostomes a group of?

A

Metazoans –> means multicellular animals

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2
Q

What are the phyla that are Metazoa?

A
  • Calcarea and Silicea
  • Cnidaria
    Protostomia:
  • Lophotrochozoa
  • Ecdysozoa
  • Deuterostomia
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3
Q

What are Eumetazoa?

A

They have 2 germ layers

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4
Q

What are Bilateria?

A
  • Bilateral symmetry
  • Have 3 germ layers
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5
Q

What are the 4 ways which Deutrostomes differentiate from Protostomes?

A

1 - In the way their cells cleave early on

2 - In the way their cells fate is determined

3 - In how they use their blastopore

4 - In the way they form their coelomic activity

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6
Q

How are the members of the Deuterostomes grouped together?

A

It is revealed bysimilarities in their DNA sequence that reflect evolution from a common ancestor

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7
Q

How does the embryo cleave in a protostome?

A

Spiral cleavage

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8
Q

How does the embryo cleave in a deutrostome?

A

Radial cleavage

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9
Q

What is spiral cleavage?

A

(How the protostome cleaves in a protostome)

The cleavage planes are diagonal to the vertical axis of the embryo

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10
Q

What is radial cleavage?

A

(How the deutrostome cleaves in a protostome)

Cleavage planes are parallel or perpendicular to the vertical axis of the embryo

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11
Q

What are the protostome embryos like in the second stage?

(Cell fate)

A

Most are mosaic

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12
Q

What are the deutrostomes embryos like in the second stage?

(Cell fate)

A

Most are regulative

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13
Q

What does it mean for protostome embryos to be mosaic?

A
  • The developmental fate of every cell is largely PREDETERMINED/restricted
  • Cleavages are said to be determinate
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14
Q

What does it mean for deuterostome embryos to be regulative?

A
  • The developmental fate of every cell is NOT yet DETERMINED –> every cell can give rise to a full organism (human identical twins)
  • Cell cleavages are said to be indeterminate
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15
Q

How does a blastula develop?

A
  • The dividing cells first form a soling ball of cells, a morula
  • Eventually a cavity develops & the ball becomes hollow - a blastula
  • Eventually the blastula folds in on itself during gastrulation
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16
Q

What are the stages of progression to form a blastula?

A

Zygote –> Morula –> Early Blastula –> Late Blastula

17
Q

What is it called whne the blastula folds in on itself during gastrulation?

A

It’s called a morphogenis (form-generating) movement

18
Q

What are the stages of an embryo (or blastula idk) forming in a protostome?

A
  1. Spiral cleavage
  2. Mosaic embryo
  3. Blastopore becomes mouth, anus forms secondarily
  4. Coelom forms by splitting (schizocoelous)
19
Q

What are the stages of an embryo (or blastula idk) forming in a deuterostome?

A
  1. Raidal cleavage
  2. Regulative embryo
  3. Blastopore becomes anus, mouth forms secondarily
  4. Coelom forms by outpocketing (enterocoelois)
20
Q

What is gastrulation?

A

The blastoder invaginates (it folds in) - forming the blastopore

21
Q

What forms during gastrulation?

(blastoderm)

A

The ectodermal (echo-outer), endodermal (endo-inner) and mesodermal (mesos-middle) germ layers

22
Q

What does the endoderm do during the formation of the blastopore?

A

Th endoderm lines the inner cavity - the ARCHENTERON

23
Q

What does the archenteron develop into?

A

The gut

24
Q

What is the openeing of the archenteron to the outside called?

A

This is the blastopore!!

The fate of the blastopore is different in Protostomes and Deuterostomes

25
Q

What does the blastopore form in Protostomes?

A

The mouth

A second opening breaks through & forms the anus

26
Q

What does the blastopore form in Deuterostomes?

A

The blastopore develops into the anus

The mouth breaks thru secodnarily

27
Q

What is the coelom?

A

It is a fliu-filled body cavity within the mesoderm (lined w mesoderm)

It seperates the body wall from the digestive tract

28
Q

What it schizocoelous formation?

A

How the coelom within the mesoderm forms in Protostomes

Within solid masses of mesodermal cells in many protostomes

29
Q

What is Enterocoelous formation?

A

How the coelom within the mesoderm forms in Deuterostomes

As evaginatiion of the archenteron foor in many Deuterostomes

30
Q

What are the 3 layers in an embryo and how do they support growth?

A
  • Ecotderm (outer layer)
  • Mesoderm (middle layer)
  • Endoder (internal layer)

Each layer allows a different part of the organism to develop

31
Q

What does the ectoderm layer in an embryo form?

A
  • Outer surface
  • CNS
  • Neural crest
32
Q

What does the mesoderm layer in an embryo form?

A
  • Dorsal –> notochord
  • Paraxial –> bone tissue
  • Intermediate –> tubule cell of the kidney
  • Lateral –> RBCs
  • Head –> facial muscle
33
Q

What does the endoderm layer in an embryo form?

A
  • Digestive tube
  • Pharynx
  • Respiratory tube
34
Q

What taxinomic rank is Hemichordata?

A

Phylum

35
Q

What are hemichordata?

A

Are marine animals who share soem similariteis w chordates (have gill slits)

36
Q

What is the body of hemichordata like?

A

Is tripartite - has 3 parts

Each has 1 or 2 coelomic cavities seperated by septa

37
Q

Finsih from bottom of slide 17

A

Thank u

Life on earth (10 decks)

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