Deterministic Effect Of Radiation

Question 1

2 facts about deterministic effects

Answer 1

• immediate

- not randomly distributed

Question 2

2 facts about Acute Radiation Lethatlity

Answer 2

• Radiation exposure that occurs in short period of time

- whole body exposure

Question 3

Acute Radiation Syndrome

Answer 3

Results from a high level of radiation exposure that leads to death within days or weeks

Question 4

Name 3 Lethal Syndromes of Acute Radiation Syndrome

Answer 4

1. Hematologic
2. GI Syndrome
3. CNS death

Question 5

Which lethal syndrome of ARS follows lower exposures and requires a longer time for death

Answer 5

Hematologic

Question 6

Which Lethal Syndromes of ARS comes into play at 50 Gy and higher

Answer 6

CNS death

Question 7

Which Lethal syndrome of ARS comes in to play at 2 to 10 Gy?

Answer 7

Hematologic

Question 8

What is the mean survival for Hematologic syndrome

Answer 8

10 to 60 days

Question 9

Which Lethal syndrome of ARS comes into play at 10 to 50 Gy

Answer 9

GI Syndrome

Question 10

Mean survival of GI Syndrome

Answer 10

4 to 10 days

Question 11

Mean survival for CNS death

Answer 11

Less than 3 days

Question 12

What is the Prgression of Acute Radiation Syndrome

Answer 12

Phase 1: Prodromal Period
Phase 2 : Latent Period
Phase 3: Manifest Illness

Question 13

About 1 Gy delivered to the whole body, begins the —- period of Acute Radiation Syndrome

Answer 13

Prodromal

Question 14

About 1 to 100 Gy delivered to the whole body, begins the —- period of Acute Radiation Syndrome

Answer 14

Latent

Question 15

Symptoms of the Prodromal Period

Answer 15

Fever, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, leukopenia in peripheral blood

Question 16

At doses over 50 Gy, the Latent period last for

Answer 16

A few hours

Question 17

At doses from 1 to 5 Gy, the Latent Period lasts for

Answer 17

Weeks

Question 18

Manifest Illness is characterized by

Answer 18

3 syndromes: hematologic , GI, and CNS

Question 19

The Hematologic syndrome Prodromal Period appears

Answer 19

In a few hours and can last for a few days

Question 20

Sign of Hematologic syndrome

Answer 20

Fatigue

Question 21

THE LATENT Period of the hematologic syndrome can last

Answer 21

4 weeks.

Person is feeling well, but blood cells continue to decline.

Question 22

Manifest Illenness of Hematologic Syndrome is characterized by

Answer 22

Vomiting, diarrhea, malaise, lethargy, and fever; decreased WBC, RBC, and platelets.

Question 23

If the dose is not lethal, to cause hematologic death, what happens

Answer 23

Recovery begins in 2 to 4 weeks, and takes as long as 6 months

Question 24

If dose is lethal, to cause hematologic death, describe the manifest illness

Answer 24

Blood cells go unchecked, until the immune system stops working.
Just before death, hemorrhage and dehydration may be obvious.
Death occurs because of infection, electrolyte imbalance, and dehydration.

Question 25

Describe the prodromal period of GI syndrome

Answer 25

Vomiting and diarrhea, within hour of exposure; can last for days

Question 26

Describe the latent period of GI syndrome

Answer 26

3 to 5 days without symptoms

Question 27

Describe the manifest period of GI syndrome

Answer 27

Begins with a second wave of nausea and vomiting; followed by diarrhea, loss of appetite and lethargy. Then diarrhea gets worse, then watery and bloody.

Question 28

GI Death occurs within—-days of exposure.

Answer 28

4 to 10 days

Question 29

Describe the physiology of GI death

Answer 29

Intestinal cells are radiosensitive, sue to high proliferation rate.
When the intestinal lining is stripped of functional cells, fluids pass uncontrollably across the intestinal membrane, electrolyte balance is destoyed, and conditions promote infection.

Question 30

Describe the prodromal period of CNS syndrome

Answer 30

Severe nausea and vomiting begins within few minutes
Person becomes extremely nervous and confused. May have burning sensation in the skin, lose vision and consciousness within 1 hour.

Question 31

Describe the latent period of CNS syndrome

Answer 31

May be skipped, or last up to 12 hours

Question 32

Describe the manifest period of CNS syndrome

Answer 32

Prior symptoms reappear and are more severe. Coma and death within hours or days of exposure.
Ultimate cause of death is elevated fluid content of the brain.

Question 33

The manifest illness of CNS death is characterized by

Answer 33

Increase intracranial pressure, inflammation of vessels in the brain, meningitis. All organs severely damaged. GI tract and hematologic system changes cannot occur because there is not enough time between exposure and death.

Question 34

What is the lethal dose for human is

Answer 34

3.5 Gy

Question 35

Local tissue damage occurs when

Answer 35

Only a part of a body is irradiated, a higher dose is required to produce a response

Question 36

All deterministic effects follow a

Answer 36

Threshold DRR

Question 37

The earliest manifestation of radiation injury to the skin

Answer 37

Damage to basal cells

Question 38

Damage to basal cells manifest as skin damage within

Answer 38

1 to 2 weeks