determinism

Question 1

free will

Answer 1

the idea that we play an active role and have choice in how we behave

Question 2

determinism

Answer 2

the view that free will is an illusion and that our behaviour is governed by internal or external forces over which we have no control

Question 3

hard determinism

Answer 3

the view that forces outside our control e.g., biology, shape our behaviour, seen as incompatible with free will

Question 4

soft determinism

Answer 4

the view that our behaviour is constrained by the environment or biological makeup, but only to an extent and there’s an element of free will

Question 5

biological determism

Answer 5

the idea that all human behaviour is innate and determined by genes e.g., Lorenz’ geese

Question 6

environmental determinism

Answer 6

the idea that all behaviour is caused by forces outside the individual. therefore behaviour is learnt through classical conditioning and maintained through operant conditioning

Question 7

psychic determinism

Answer 7

human behaviour is the result of childhood experiences and innate drives e.g., id, ego, superego

Question 8

casual explanations

Answer 8

every event in the universe is assumed to have a cause which can explain why it occured