Determinants, Prerequisites and Context Flashcards
Determinant
Factors within one’s context that play a significant role in determining health.
Biology and genetics
You can’t control what genes you have. However, gene expression can be controlled by environmental factors.
Health service
Some people have access, some don’t.
Income and status
Affects choice in purchase and stress levels.
Social support
Family, friends, community centres and coworkers can affect well-being.
Personal health and coping
Is lifestyle behavioural.
Education and Literacy
Higher education means better health. Some schools promote health. Pamphlets with information are given out. However, some people have difficulty with following instructions and have a literacy level of elementary school.
Employment and work conditions
Some companies promote health and provide health insurance. The work environment and work relationships also impact.
Healthy child development
The first years of life are important. Poor self esteem may tax the healthcare system.
Gender
Defines health experiences. Certain diseases may be a concern of some people. Gender equality means that women gain more advantage.
Culture
Determines which treatments are ok and what people believe is ok. It can also influence eating habits.
Social environment
Family, resources, friends and how we interact with others.
Physical environment
Clean air, clean water, weather, industry and geography.
Context
All interrelated conditions where things occur. Can be internal and external.
Values of Canadian Health Act and Medicare
It must be universally accessible, have public funding, be single payer and non profit.
Principles of Canadian Health Act
- Public Administration
- Comprehensiveness
- Universally covered
- Portability of benefit
- Accessiblity
Public Administration
Nonprofit, responsiveness, government direction, accountability, proof that programs work.
Comprehensiveness
Everything is in the plan, everyone is covered, differs by province.
Universally covered
Negates favouritism, everyone gets service, access in not necessarily easy.
Portability of benefit
Home province covers you in other provinces and when travelling aboard.
Accessibility
Getting reasonable care for necessary services and facilities.
Levels of Healthacare
- Health Promotion
- Disease and Injury prevention: has primary, secondary and tertiary prevention
- Diagnosis and Treatment: Has primary, secondary and tertiary care.
- Rehabilitation
- Supportive care
Health Promotion
Encourage healthy choices.
Primary prevention
Preventing disease or injury before it happens.
Secondary prevention
Early detection and preventing from getting worse.
Tertiary prevention
Identified treatment begins
Primary care
First contact with clinic, hospital or physician
Secondary care
Set up with care, referrals.
Tertiary care
Specialized care.
Rehabilitation
Bringing back to previous/optimal function
Supportive care
Includes long term care, residential care or palatable care.
Social justice
Ensures everyone has equal benefits and everything is distributed equally.
Equity
Is about fairness not necessarily equality. Focus on disadvantaged communities.
Primary health care
Refers to all 5 principles and emphasizes that people should be at the centre of health care. Shows big picture on a broad spectrum. Includes:
- Interdisciplinary and Intersectoral collaboration
- Accessibility
- Public Participation
- Health promotion and disease prevention
- Appropriate skills and technology
