Detergents Flashcards
How can you test if an oil or fat is saturated or unsaturated?
Shake it with bromine water
- Saturated = remain orange
- Unsaturated = Colourless
What does immiscible mean?
They don’t mix
Why is it better to have more unsaturated fats and oils?
To prevent the build up of cholesterol and reduce the risk of heart disease
Why does bromine water stay orange during the test?
Saturated fats have no carbon carbon double bond so they cant undergo an addition reaction
How is margarine made?
Reacting unsaturated vegetable oils with hydrogen and a nickel catalyst
What are the main components of washing powder?
- Active detergent
- Bleach
- Water softener
- Enzymes
- Optical brightener
What does active detergent do?
Cleaning
What does bleach do?
Removes coloured stains
What does water softener do?
Soften hard water
What does optical brightener do?
Make whites appear brighter
What do enzymes do?
Break up protein stains in low temperature washes
Why are low temperature washes used?
- Wash delicate fabrics with dyes
- Don’t denature enzymes in biological powders
- Save energy
Why do stains dissolve in dry cleaning solvents?
The intermolecular forces between the stain molecules and the solvent molecules are stronger than the ones between the stain molecules
What are the components of a detergent molecule?
- Hydrophillic head
- Hydrophobic tail
What happens when detergent molecules dissolve in water?
- Positively charge sodium ion comes away from head
- Head becomes negatively charged and attracted water
- Hydrocarbon tail isn’t attracted to water molecules
