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BIOSCI 107 > Details of Eleven Body Systems > Flashcards

Details of Eleven Body Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Three parts of integumentary

A

Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

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2
Q

Epidermis

A

Protects: covers surface/deeper tissue
Vit D made here
Nerve endings

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3
Q

Dermis

A

Lots of nerve structures for sensations
Nutrient vessels that support epidermis
Sweat glands for thermo-regulation
Breast tissues - considered modified sweat gland

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4
Q

Hypodermis

A

Fat stores

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5
Q

Two parts of muscular system (skeletal muscles)

A

Axial - central core

Appendicular - arms/legs - provide movement to limbs; suppport/brace/move limbs

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6
Q

What does the muscular system do?

A

Provides movement
Provides heat (shivering)
Supports skeleton
Protects soft tissue

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7
Q

What are tendons?

A

Fibrous connections between muscle and a bone

eg. achilles tendon

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8
Q

What are aponeuroses?

A

Most often muscle-muscle connections

Fibrous connection between two different muscles

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9
Q

Two parts of skeletal system

A

Axial - skull and down through vertebrae

Appendicular - arms/limbs/pelvis - supports limbs/position in space

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10
Q

Cartilage

A

Bone interface

Where bone is rubbing on bone there’s cartilage to act as a buffer

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11
Q

Two types of cartilage

A

Hyaline: ribs, joints eg. chest to sternum

Fibro (discs)

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12
Q

What is a ligament?

A

Fibrous material that joins bones together

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13
Q

Inside skeleton is…?

A

Bone marrow

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14
Q

Two types of bone marrow

A

Red: makes majority of red blood cells in flat bones (pelvis, sternum, skull, some ribs)
Yellow: stores fat cells

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15
Q

Two parts of nervous system

A

Central Nervous System

Peripheral

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16
Q

Central Nervous System

A

Brain - complex integrative activities + below consciousness (involuntary) acitvities - eg. standing
Spinal cord - reflex arc mediated here, acts before brain registers eg. recoiling after touching something hot

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17
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

links CNS with other systems and sense organs

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18
Q

Endocrine - pineal (brain)

A

day/night rhythms

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19
Q

Endocrine - hypothalamus (brain)

A

controls many other endocrine glands

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20
Q

Where is the thyroid gland? (endocrine)

A

Sits at the front of the trachea - saddles either side of the trachea

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21
Q

What is the purpose of the thymus? (endocrine)

A

Maturation of lymphocytes

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22
Q

Adrenal glands (endocrine)

A

Lots of functions
Involved in water + mineral balance
Adrenaline is released from here - flight/fight response

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23
Q

Kidneys (endocrine)

A

Secrete lots of hormones for red blood cell production

24
Q

Pancreas (endocrine)

A

Glucose control

25
Q

Gonads (endocrine)

A

Sexual characteristics and reproduction

26
Q

What is pituitary? (endocrine hormone)

A

Growth hormone
Too much GH from childhood - gigantism
Too much GH as an adult - acromegaly

27
Q

Three parts of lymphatic system

A

Lymphatic fluids, lymphatic vessels and cells (B cells and T cells)

28
Q

Give an example of a lymphatic node

A

Tonsils

29
Q

Spleen

A

Produces a lot of white blood cells - immune response

30
Q

Explain the process of fluid collection of the lymphatic system

A

Heart pumps blood
Blood flows out arteries to capillaries
Some of that fluid goes to nourish tissues
This fluid needs to get back into the circulatory system - does so through the lymphatic system
Collects fluids, passes through nodes and re-enters venous system
Otherwise fluid would just stay in the tissues

31
Q

What does the lymphatic system do with lipids?

A

Takes lipids from guts

32
Q

Three main parts of the cardiovascular system

A

Blood, blood vessels, heart

33
Q

Arteries

A

Blood from heart to capillaries

34
Q

Capillaries

A

Fine blood vessels - diffusion between blood and interstitial fluids

35
Q

Veins

A

Blood from capillaries back to heart

36
Q

What is the role of blood?

A 
Transports O2, CO2 removal
Transports nutrients/hormones
Removes waste
Temperature regulation
Defence against illness - immune cells
37
Q

Top to bottom of the respiratory system

A

Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, alveoli

Lungs - acid-base control

38
Q

What is the trachea? (respiratory)

A

Pipe you can feel at the front of throat - takes air down to the bronchi in the lungs

39
Q

What happens when you hyperventilate? (respiratory)

A

Fingers tingle/light-headedness due to change in pH

40
Q

What does the oral cavity do? (digestive)

A

Breaks down food using teeth and tongue

41
Q

What do the salivary glands do? (digestive)

A

Buffers/lubricates

Enzymes that begin digestion

42
Q

What does the pharynx do? (digestive)

A

Solid food/liquid to the oesophagus

Protects respiratory system

43
Q

Oesophagus (digestive)

A

Delivers food to stomach

44
Q

Stomach (digestive)

A

Secretes acids

Enzymes/hormones

45
Q

What type of absorption mostly occurs in the small intestine?

A

Nutrient absorption

46
Q

What type of absorption mostly occurs in the large intestine?

A

Water absorptions

47
Q

What does the liver do?

digestive

A

Secretes bile

48
Q

What does the gallbladder do?

digestive

A

Concentrates bile - helps to break down fat so you can absorb it further down

49
Q

Pancreas (digestive)

A

Makes various digestive enzymes that help break down food

50
Q

Guts (digestive)

A

Rhythmic contractions to move food along digestive system

51
Q

What does the kidney do in the urinary system?

A

Forms and concentrates urine, regulates pH and blood volume/pressure

52
Q

What does the ureter do? (urinary)

A

Conducts urine to bladder

53
Q

What does the bladder do? (urinary)

A

Stores urine prior to elimination

54
Q

What does the urethra do? (urinary)

A

Conducts urine to exterior

55
Q

What does the kidney do in the endocrine system/what does EPO do?

A

Produces erythropoietin (EPO) - powerful hormone
Acts on blood-making capacities of bone marrow
Can make it in labs + inject yourself
Will make more red blood cells = more oxygen

56
Q

Main parts of reproductive system (three)

A

Testes - produces sperm/hormones (also in endocrine system)
Ovaries - also in endocrine system
Mammary glands in female reproductive/integumentary systems

BIOSCI 107 (4 decks)

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