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M2M > Details > Flashcards

Details Flashcards

1
Q

Oxidative Damage

A

C -> T

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2
Q

Base Alkylation

A

G -> O6-meG, bp w/ T

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3
Q

Base Adduct

A

G-BPDE bp w/ A

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4
Q

Steps of Excision

A

Recognition, Endonuclease, Exonuclease, DNA Pol, DNA Ligase

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5
Q

BER

A

Glycosylase recognizes and remove incorrect base

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6
Q

NER

A

TFIIH unwinds and endonuclease cuts backbone 30 bp around lesion. Can be Global or txn-coupled

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7
Q

Mismatch Repair

A

MSH and MLH recognize and endonucleate. Helicase unwinds. Recognize nicks in lagging and leading new strands. RNAase H2 exonucleates)

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8
Q

Avery, McCloud and McCarty

A

DNA hereditary material, Transformed pneumococcus from R (benign) to S (deadly)

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9
Q

Tm

A

Melting temperature. Where 50% of the DS are melted

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10
Q

CpG Sequences

A

Palindrome like C-G combinations. Gets methylated.

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11
Q

Processive/Distributuive

A

Processive is carried out by one enzyme while distributive uses multiple enzmes

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12
Q

p53 significance

A

Major regulatory txn factor (Cancer

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13
Q

RNA Polymerase parts

A

Clamp, jaws, bridge helix. C terminal domain important for splicing, elongation factors and can be phosphorylated

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14
Q

TATA box

A

Exists in promoter and bound by tata binding proteins

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15
Q

TFIIH, CDK7

A

Phosphorylates CTD of RNA Polto help with promoter clearance and unbind preinitiation complex

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16
Q

Capping Transcript

A

7-methylGTP bound reversibly to 5’ end. CBC binds 7me within nucleus and transports to cytoplasm, also plays role in splicing, and starting poly a tail. eIF4E binds in nucleus to initiate tln. No eIF4E causes degradation of mRNA

17
Q

Consensus Sequences

A

5’ splice site: GA
3’ splice site: UG
Termination: AAUAAA

18
Q

Splicing

A

Cross exon proteins designate boundaries.
Step 1: 2’ –OH of branch point attacks 3’ P on 5’ splice site
Step 2: 3’ –OH attacks 5’ P of the 3’ splice site

19
Q

Poly Adenylation

A

After AAUAAA. Stability, protection, transport, circularizing. Long poly A tail can keep mRNA around longer. Different poly A tails can produce bound and free IgM

20
Q

Homeodomain

A

Helix Loop Helix. composed of 3 alpha-helices. Regulates growth and development

21
Q

Zinc Finger

A

3 loops with cysteine and zinc. Dimerize

22
Q

Basic Leucine Zipper

A

Leucine residues and dimers

23
Q

Helix-Loop-Helix

A

Hydrophobic residueswith

24
Q

Repressor Action

A

Competitive binding of the same enhancer
Bind to and inactivate an activator
Bind directly to other txn factors to inhibit initiation

25
Q

Trans acting factors (Proteins)

A

Reg nuclear entry
Reg amount of txn factor in cell
Reg binding to DNA
Phosphorylation of DNA-BP to change properties

26
Q

IkB binds NF-kB and stops entry into nucleus

A

Phosphorylation of IkB leads to ubiquitination and degredation
The freed NF-kB moves to nucleus to initiate inflammation
Aspirin inhibits phosphorylation of IkB and stops inflammatory response

27
Q

Beta-Catenin

A

Beta-Catenin is regulated through APC binding and causing degredation
Wnt signal inactivates APC allowing for Beta-Catenin to act as txn factor and upreg Wnt genes
APC represses tumors in colon

28
Q

P53 can activate the apoptotic or growth suppressor pathways

A

MDM2 degrades p53 and can reduce cellular protection from mutations
Present in cancers that don’t undergo apoptosis

29
Q

Creb Regulation

A

Creb is phosphorylated which allows binding to DNA and recruitment of CBP (a HAT)

30
Q

Bacterial initiation of translation

A

IF1 binds A site of small subunit
IF3 binds small subunit
IF2 binds formylmethionine tRNA to the P
Hydrolysis of GTP on IF2 releases initiation factors and binds large subunit

31
Q

Eukaryotic initiation of translation

A

Ribosome binds cap and scans to first AUG

Kozak sequences can provide context and up/down regulate which genes are tln

32
Q

Missense Mutation

A

Change AA

33
Q

Silent Mutation

A

No change in AA

34
Q

Nonsense Mutation

A

Change to stop codon

35
Q

Sense Mutation

A

Change to miss stop codon

36
Q

Psuedoknots

A

Frameshift recoding by slipping tRNA 1 BP

37
Q

Cap-independent binding

A

Viral mRNA can tln without cap binding proteins

38
Q

apoB

A

mRNA is modified after txn to cause nonsense mutation

39
Q

Protein Chaperones

A

HSP 70, 40, Chaperonin

M2M (5 decks)

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