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MCAT hormones > detailed descriptions of hormones > Flashcards

detailed descriptions of hormones Flashcards

1
Q

FSH

A

follicle stimulating hormone from ant pituitary- a tropic hormone

growth of follicles in women and sperm production in males

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2
Q

LH

A

Luteinizing hormone from ant pituitary- a tropic hormone

causes ovulation, stimulates estrogen/testosterone secretion

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3
Q

ACTH

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone from ant pituitary- a tropic hormone

stimulates the adrenal cortex (growth and secretory activity of adrenal cortex)

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4
Q

TSH

A

thyroid stimulating hormone from ant pituitary- a tropic hormone

increases synthesis and release of thyroid hormone- T3/T4

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5
Q

Prolactin

A

from ant pituitary- direct hormone

tell mammary glands to produce milk

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6
Q

endorphins

A

ant pituitary- direct hormones

relieve stress and promote euphoria

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7
Q

MSH

A

melanocyte stimulating hormone from ant pituitary- tells melanocyte to release melanin (skin color)

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8
Q

oxytocin

A

from post pituitary (made in hypothalamus though)-

uterine contractions for birth, lactation (milk letdown)

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9
Q

ADH

A

anti-diuretic hormone or vasopressin from post pituiatry- made in hypothalamus

acts on the kidney to promote water absorption (retain water)
increases Blood pressure

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10
Q

cortisol

A

a glucocorticoid from adrenal cortex

longer term stress response
increased glucose in blood
increased protein breakdown 
decreased inflammation and immunity
(increased levels of carbs, fats, and proteins in blood)
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11
Q

aldosterone

A

mineralocorticoid from adrenal cortex

acts on kidney to increase Na+ and Cl- reabsorption= water reabsorption
increase K+ and H+excretion
raises BP

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12
Q

sex steroids

A

androgens from adrenal cortex

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13
Q

epinephrine

A

adrenaline from adrenal medulla

fight or flight response (sympathetic actions)

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14
Q

Norepinephrine

A

noradrenaline from adrenal medulla

fight or flight response (sympathetic actions)

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15
Q

dopamine

A

catecholamine from adrenal medulla

reward hormone, increases HR and BP in good way

VTA

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16
Q

enkephalin

A

from adrenal medulla

regulates pain similar to endorphins

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17
Q

T3/T4

A

from follicular cells in thyroid

helps regulate metabolism

Triodothyronine T3 increases metabolic rate

Thryoxine T4 also increases metabolic rate but less active form

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18
Q

calcitonin

A

from parafollicular cells (C cells)

tones down Ca in blood (works on bone, kidney, and small intestines)
increases Ca absorption into blood
stimulates osteoblasts
inhibits osteoclasts

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19
Q

PTH

A

parathyroid hormone from parathyroid

increases blood Ca
increases Ca release from bone (osteoclasts)
decreases osteoblasts 
tells kidneys to reabsorb Ca
activates vitamin D precursor in kidney
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20
Q

estrogen

A

from ovaries and placenta

growth of female sex organs
causes LH surge

supports pregnancy when released by placenta

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21
Q

progesterone

A

from ovaries and placenta

pregnancy hormone (thickens endometrium) prepares and maintains uterus for pregnancy

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22
Q

inhibin

A

from ovaries, placenta, and testes

inhibits FSH production

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23
Q

testosterone

A

from testes

secondary sex characteristics, spermatogenesis

closing of epiphyseal plate

24
Q

estradiol

A

from testes

prevent sperm cell apoptosis

25
Q

HCG

A

human chorionic gonadotrophin from placenta

protects fetus’s survival- keeps corpus luteum from breaking down (tells it to release estrogen and progesterone)

gives a positive pregnancy test

26
Q

HPL

A

human placental lactogen from placenta

anti-insulin properties
acts similar to growth hormone but for pregnancy

27
Q

insulin

A

beta cells from pancreas

to decrease blood glucose
increase uptake of glucose in cells

28
Q

glucagon

A

alpha cells from pancreas
“acts when glucose is gone”
to increase blood glucose
decrease uptake of glucose into cells

29
Q

somatostatin

A

from delta cells of pancreas and stomach

decreases all pancreas activity (glucagon and insulin)
decreases stomach activity (digestion)

30
Q

pancreatic polypeptide

A

self regulatory hormone from pancreas

31
Q

renin

A

from kidney

activates renin-angiotensin system
regulation of BP

32
Q

erythropoietin

A

from kidney

red blood cell formation

33
Q

thrombopoetin

A

from kidney and liver

platelet formation in bone marrow

34
Q

calcitriol

A

(steroid) from kidney

active form of vitamin D

35
Q

thymosin

A

from thymus

T cell development in childhood

36
Q

ANP

A

atrial natriuretic peptide from heart

reduces BP

37
Q

BNP

A

brain natriuretic peptide

reduces BP to lesser extent than ANP

38
Q

IGF

A

insulin like growth factor

from liver
regulates cell growth

39
Q

angiotensin

A

in liver

BP regulation

40
Q

hepcidin

A

iron regulation

41
Q

myokines

A

from skeletal muscle in response to muscle contraction

growth and repair

42
Q

leptin

A

in adipose tissue

tells us we are full
inhibit hunger

43
Q

provitamin D

A

inactive Vit D in skin

44
Q

gastrin

A

from stomach

activates parietal cells to produce HCl and decrease pH

45
Q

grehlin

A

hunger hormone from stomach

increase appetite

46
Q

neuropeptide Y

A

from stomach

makes you lazy fat and hungry

47
Q

histamine

A

from stomach

increases gastric acid secretion to increase digestion

48
Q

endothelin

A

from muscle

stomach muscle contraction

49
Q

secretin

A

from small intestine

helps CCK, inhibits gastric juice, increases pancreatic juice

tells pancreas to release digestive enzymes and gallbladder to release bile

50
Q

CCK

A

cholecystokinin from small intestine

tells pancreas to release digestive enzymes and gallbladder to release bile

51
Q

TRH

A

thyrotropin releasing hormone of hypothalamus

stimulates release of TSh from pituitary

52
Q

CRH

A

corticotropin releasing hormone of hypothalamus

tells pituitary to release ACTH

53
Q

Dopamine

A

from hypothalamus

tells pituitary NOT to release prolactin

54
Q

GHRH

A

growth hormone releasing hormone from hypothalamus

tells pit to release GH

55
Q

GnRH

A

gonadotropin releasing hormone from hypothalamus

tells pit to release LH and FSH

56
Q

somatostatin

A

from hypothalamus

tells pit NOT to release GH and TSH

MCAT hormones (2 decks)

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