detailed descriptions of hormones Flashcards
FSH
follicle stimulating hormone from ant pituitary- a tropic hormone
growth of follicles in women and sperm production in males
LH
Luteinizing hormone from ant pituitary- a tropic hormone
causes ovulation, stimulates estrogen/testosterone secretion
ACTH
Adrenocorticotropic hormone from ant pituitary- a tropic hormone
stimulates the adrenal cortex (growth and secretory activity of adrenal cortex)
TSH
thyroid stimulating hormone from ant pituitary- a tropic hormone
increases synthesis and release of thyroid hormone- T3/T4
Prolactin
from ant pituitary- direct hormone
tell mammary glands to produce milk
endorphins
ant pituitary- direct hormones
relieve stress and promote euphoria
MSH
melanocyte stimulating hormone from ant pituitary- tells melanocyte to release melanin (skin color)
oxytocin
from post pituitary (made in hypothalamus though)-
uterine contractions for birth, lactation (milk letdown)
ADH
anti-diuretic hormone or vasopressin from post pituiatry- made in hypothalamus
acts on the kidney to promote water absorption (retain water)
increases Blood pressure
cortisol
a glucocorticoid from adrenal cortex
longer term stress response increased glucose in blood increased protein breakdown decreased inflammation and immunity (increased levels of carbs, fats, and proteins in blood)
aldosterone
mineralocorticoid from adrenal cortex
acts on kidney to increase Na+ and Cl- reabsorption= water reabsorption
increase K+ and H+excretion
raises BP
sex steroids
androgens from adrenal cortex
epinephrine
adrenaline from adrenal medulla
fight or flight response (sympathetic actions)
Norepinephrine
noradrenaline from adrenal medulla
fight or flight response (sympathetic actions)
dopamine
catecholamine from adrenal medulla
reward hormone, increases HR and BP in good way
VTA
enkephalin
from adrenal medulla
regulates pain similar to endorphins
T3/T4
from follicular cells in thyroid
helps regulate metabolism
Triodothyronine T3 increases metabolic rate
Thryoxine T4 also increases metabolic rate but less active form
calcitonin
from parafollicular cells (C cells)
tones down Ca in blood (works on bone, kidney, and small intestines)
increases Ca absorption into blood
stimulates osteoblasts
inhibits osteoclasts
PTH
parathyroid hormone from parathyroid
increases blood Ca increases Ca release from bone (osteoclasts) decreases osteoblasts tells kidneys to reabsorb Ca activates vitamin D precursor in kidney
estrogen
from ovaries and placenta
growth of female sex organs
causes LH surge
supports pregnancy when released by placenta
progesterone
from ovaries and placenta
pregnancy hormone (thickens endometrium) prepares and maintains uterus for pregnancy
inhibin
from ovaries, placenta, and testes
inhibits FSH production
testosterone
from testes
secondary sex characteristics, spermatogenesis
closing of epiphyseal plate
estradiol
from testes
prevent sperm cell apoptosis
HCG
human chorionic gonadotrophin from placenta
protects fetus’s survival- keeps corpus luteum from breaking down (tells it to release estrogen and progesterone)
gives a positive pregnancy test
HPL
human placental lactogen from placenta
anti-insulin properties
acts similar to growth hormone but for pregnancy
insulin
beta cells from pancreas
to decrease blood glucose
increase uptake of glucose in cells
glucagon
alpha cells from pancreas
“acts when glucose is gone”
to increase blood glucose
decrease uptake of glucose into cells
somatostatin
from delta cells of pancreas and stomach
decreases all pancreas activity (glucagon and insulin)
decreases stomach activity (digestion)
pancreatic polypeptide
self regulatory hormone from pancreas
renin
from kidney
activates renin-angiotensin system
regulation of BP
erythropoietin
from kidney
red blood cell formation
thrombopoetin
from kidney and liver
platelet formation in bone marrow
calcitriol
(steroid) from kidney
active form of vitamin D
thymosin
from thymus
T cell development in childhood
ANP
atrial natriuretic peptide from heart
reduces BP
BNP
brain natriuretic peptide
reduces BP to lesser extent than ANP
IGF
insulin like growth factor
from liver
regulates cell growth
angiotensin
in liver
BP regulation
hepcidin
iron regulation
myokines
from skeletal muscle in response to muscle contraction
growth and repair
leptin
in adipose tissue
tells us we are full
inhibit hunger
provitamin D
inactive Vit D in skin
gastrin
from stomach
activates parietal cells to produce HCl and decrease pH
grehlin
hunger hormone from stomach
increase appetite
neuropeptide Y
from stomach
makes you lazy fat and hungry
histamine
from stomach
increases gastric acid secretion to increase digestion
endothelin
from muscle
stomach muscle contraction
secretin
from small intestine
helps CCK, inhibits gastric juice, increases pancreatic juice
tells pancreas to release digestive enzymes and gallbladder to release bile
CCK
cholecystokinin from small intestine
tells pancreas to release digestive enzymes and gallbladder to release bile
TRH
thyrotropin releasing hormone of hypothalamus
stimulates release of TSh from pituitary
CRH
corticotropin releasing hormone of hypothalamus
tells pituitary to release ACTH
Dopamine
from hypothalamus
tells pituitary NOT to release prolactin
GHRH
growth hormone releasing hormone from hypothalamus
tells pit to release GH
GnRH
gonadotropin releasing hormone from hypothalamus
tells pit to release LH and FSH
somatostatin
from hypothalamus
tells pit NOT to release GH and TSH
