Desuction & Induction Flashcards
What makes an argument valid?
When its impossible for an argument’s premises to be true and it’s conclusion false.
What is an invalid argument?
When it’s impossible for all the premises to be true and the conclusion false, the argument is invalid. An invalid argument is simply an argument that is not valid.
The information contained in the conclusion of a deductively valid argument…
Is already “contained” in the arguments premises.
What are inductive argument’s?
Conclusions that go beyond what is contained in an arguments premises.
What is the critical difference between inductive strength and deductive validity?
When it is possible for the premises of a strong inductive argument to be true and yet the conclusion be false.
True premises in a valid argument guarantee what?
A true conclusion.
True premises in a strong inductive argument…
Makes the arguments conclusion likely or probable.
Inductive reasoning provides people with
A way of reasoning genuinely new beliefs. (Usually through our experiences)
Unlike validity, inductive strength comes in what?
Degrees
All deductive arguments are either what?
Valid or invalid.
What is a valid argument form?
When we know the argument is valid based on form and not because of its content. (If ALL premises are true, then conclusion must be true)
What is the fundamental logical property of deductively valid argument?
If all of its premises are true, then its conclusion must be true.
