Design Movements

Question 1

Arts and Crafts

Answer 1

Founded in Britain, the Arts and Crafts movement emphasised natural life and handcraft approach as a response to the Industrial revolution’s mass production over fine quality. 1850 to 1914, Britain.

Characteristics:
- Natural
- Decorative
- Hand-crafted

Question 2

Art Nouveau

Answer 2

It affected the whole world but it originated from France, Art Nouveau is similar to Arts and Crafts as it values fine quality due to the Industrial Revolution’s mass production. The movement was popular in Germany which is where the Germanic myths prevalent in the design come from. 1880 to 1910, Paris and Germany.

Characteristics:
- Mythological
- Organic curves
- Sensual rhythm

Question 3

Constructivism

Answer 3

During the rise of communism, Constructivism came to prominence after WW1 with it taking an utilitarianism and mass production approach rather than fine art. 1917 to 1935, Russia.

Characteristics:
- Limited colours
- Utilitarianism
- Architectural

Question 4

De Stijl

Answer 4

A small set of Dutch artist after WW1 decided to aim for dramatic oversimplification over flair, which is why they made of solid colours and simple rectangles . They made a big impact on the graphic design and architecture after WW1.

Characteristics
- Simplistic
- Solid colours
- Geometric

Question 5

Bauhaus

Answer 5

Established as a design school in Weimar and Dessau, Germany. Their style focused on function over being decorative, with a measured approach similar to engineers and draftsmen. The were influenced by early Constructivism and rejected Fascism ways. 1919 to 1933, Germany.

Characteristics:
- Shape-based
- Industrial
- Logical

Question 6

International Style

Answer 6

After a lot of European artist moved to New York, they held exhibit which came to name the style ‘International Style: Architecture Since 1922’ which saw fit to make modern and basic geometric shapes to inform their design, they were influenced by Bauhaus and graphic design. 1920 to 1980, US and Europe.

Characteristics:
- Modern
- Simple shapes
- Brand conscious

Question 7

Art Deco

Answer 7

After WW1, this style came to prominence in Paris, France with an exhibition titled ‘Paris
Exposition Internationale des Arts Decoratifs et Industriels Mondernes’ which showcased a glamorous lifestyle with heavy machinery motifs (symmetrical and angular shapes). Drew from Cubism and Futurism. 1920 to 1939, Paris.

Characteristics:
- Glamorous
- Symmetrical
- Angular shapes

Question 8

Streamline

Answer 8

After the stock market crash of 1929, the style of vehicles at the time grew in popularity, due to their rounded forms and sleek look which came about due to them being designed to be aerodynamic. This style is commonly called American Moderne. 1930 to 1960, US.

Characteristics:
- American
- Aerodynamic
- Rounded form

Question 9

Pop

Answer 9

Pop was founded by looking towards popular culture and everyday life for inspiration. Consumerism, space race and psychedelic phase influenced the look of Pop being using vibrant colours and popular icons. 1960 to 1972, Britain

Characteristics:
- Vibrant colours
- Youthful
- Consumerist

Question 10

Memphis

Answer 10

In Milan, Italy, this style drew upon International Style, Pop, Art Deco and Kitsch. Due to these modern influences and the rise of video games, Memphis features repetitious patterns with solid blocks of colour. 1981 to 1988, Milan in Italy.

Characteristics:
- Patterns
- Solid colours
- Modern