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NCIDQ > Design Concepts And Programming > Flashcards

Design Concepts And Programming Flashcards

0
Q

How can theory be developed?

A
  1. Historic precedent
  2. Environmental design research and evidence-based design (EBD)
  3. Functional needs
  4. How humans perceive their environment
  5. Process of design
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1
Q

What is design theory?

A

Design theory is a way to direct design based on a system of beliefs or philosophy.

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2
Q

What is evidence based design (EBD)?

A

Basing design decisions on credible research that links one or more environmental elements with a desired outcome.

Eg. Research has shown that when patients in hospitals have visual or physical access to nature, they recover faster…

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3
Q

What are some of the basic processes of perception?

A
  1. Gestalt psychology
  2. Perceptual constancy
  3. Depth perception
  4. Cue inconsistency and cooperation of the scenes
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4
Q

Gestalt psychology

A

Theory that humans innately perceive things as a whole so that what is perceived is complete and comprehensible.

Principles; grouping, closure(form constancy), continuity, simplicity, figure ground, negative space

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5
Q

What are the principles of grouping?

A
  1. Proximity
  2. Similarity
  3. Direction
  4. Context
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6
Q

What are 4 types of perceptual Constancy

A
  1. Shape constancy
  2. Size constancy
  3. Lightness constancy
  4. Color constancy
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7
Q

What does shape constancy mean?

A

It means that people perceive objects as having their original shape regardless of a change in orientation of the object or point of view of the observer. This takes place because of memory and the fact that the brain takes into account the depth of the object as the object changes on the retina.

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8
Q

What does change constancy mean?

A

This means that people tend to perceive an object as having the same size regardless of the changes in viewing distance to the object.

This occurs because people have memories of how large certain objects are and take into account their distance from the object.

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9
Q

What does light constancy mean?

A

It means that people perceive the lightness or darkness of an object as the same regardless of the illumination of the space in which the object is viewed.

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10
Q

What is color constancy?

A

This means that people perceive the color of an object as the same regardless of the lighting conditions under which the object is viewed.

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11
Q

What are some of the social and cultural beliefs that may affect design thinking?

A 
Political conditions
Economic conditions
Cultural attitudes
Symbolism
Regionalism
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12
Q

Mallows hierarchy of needs

A

Humans have a variety of needs, which is divided into two groups; deficiency needs and growth needs. Meeting needs and moving to the highest level provides the motivation for behavior.

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13
Q

What is a behavior setting?

A

It is a particular place with definable boundaries and objects in which a standing pattern of behavior occurs at a particular time.

Eg. A weekly board of directors meeting in a conference room can be considered a behavior setting

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14
Q

What is the theory of proxemics?

A

Proxemics deals with the issues of spacing between people, territoriality, organization of space, and positioning of people in space, all relative to the culture of which they are a part.

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15
Q

What is Halls intimate distance?

A

0”-18”….
Physical contact
6” for close phase
18” for far phase

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16
Q

What is Halls personal distance?

A

18”-4’…
1-1/2’ to 2-1/2’ close phase
2-1/2’-4’ far phase

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17
Q

What is halls social distance?

A

4’-12’….
4’-7’ close phase
7’-12’ for far phase

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18
Q

What is halls public distance?

A

12’+

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19
Q

Even though human scale is vitally important for interior design, decisions are often made based on what?

A

..the scale relationships between two or more nonhuman objects.

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20
Q

Color is…..

A

A physical property of visible light that is one part of the larger electromagnetic spectrum, which also includes other radiation like x Rays and infrared light.

21
Q

What are colors created with light.

A

Additive colors.

22
Q

Subtracted colors are what?

A

Colors created with pigment.

23
Q

What are the colors of light?

A

Red, green, blue

24
Q

What are the primary colors of pigments?

A

Yellow, red and blue

25
Q

In regard to color, what does the hue refer to?

A

The hue is the basic color, that attribute by which, for example, blue is distinguished from red.

26
Q

In regard to color what doe the value refer to?

A

The value describes the degree of lightness or darkness of color in relation to white or black.

27
Q

In regard to color, what does intensity refer to?

A

The intensity (or chroma) of a color is defined by the degree of purity of the hue when compared with a neutral gray of the same value.

28
Q

In regard to color, what is created by adding white, black or gray to a hue?

A

White- it’s value is raised and a tint is created.
Black- it’s value is lowered and a shade is created.
Gray- a tone is created.

A tone can also be created by adding its complementary color on the color wheel.

29
Q

What are the two commonly used color systems?

A

The Brewster system and the Munsell system

30
Q

What is the Brewster color system?

A

Aka the prang color system, it organizes color pigments into three primary colors, red, blue and yellow. When the primary colors are mixed equally, they produce secondary colors.

31
Q

What is the Munsell color system?

A

The. Munsell color system defines color more accurately. It uses three scales in three dimensions to specify the values of hue, value and chroma.

32
Q

What is simultaneous contrast?

A

When a color placed on a darker background will appear lighter and when it is placed on a lighter background it will seem darker.

33
Q

What are the 5 common color schemes?

A 
Monochromatic
Analogous
Complementary
Triad
Tetrad
34
Q

What is an analogous color Scheme?

A

One that uses hues close to each other on the color wheel. Ones that stay within a 90degree segment.

35
Q

What is a triad color scheme?

A

One that uses 3 colors equally spaced around the color wheel, such as yellow-orange, blue-green, red-violet.

36
Q

What is a Tetrad color scheme?

A

One that uses 4 colors that are equally spaced around the color wheel. One of two colors should be dominant, while the others have a lower chroma.

37
Q

What are the 6 principles of design?

A 
Balance
Harmony and unity
Rhythm 
Emphasis and focus
Contract and variety
Proportion
38
Q

What is balance?

A

Balance is the arrangement of elements in a composition to achieve visual equilibrium

39
Q

Name at least 3 ways objects or elements vary in visual size..

A

Larger objects are heavier than smaller objects with the same form, shape, color and texture.

Highly textured or detailed elements are heavier than plain elements.

Dark elements are heavier than lightly shaded elements.

Bright colors carry more weight than neutral colors.

Complex or unusual shapes weigh more than Simple shapes.

Several small objects closely grouped can balance a single object with the same area.

40
Q

What are 3 types of balance?

A

Symmetrical
Asymmetrical
Radial

41
Q

What is harmony?

A

Harmony in a composition is the agreement of the parts to each other and to the whole.

42
Q

What is rhythm?

A

Rhythm is the repetition of elements in a regular pattern and includes a time component as the eye or body moves past the individual pieces.

43
Q

In lighting with contrast in critical visual tasks, what ratio of brightness do you want?

A

3:1

44
Q

What is proportion?

A

Proportion is the relationship between one part of an object or composition and another part and to the whole or between one element and another.

45
Q

The golden ratio…

A

A single line divided into two unequal parts such that the ratio of the smaller part is to the larger part as the larger part is to the whole.

46
Q

Fibonacci series…

A

A sequence of numbers beginning with 0 and 1 each successive number in the series is the sum of the previous two. (0,1,1,2,3,5,8,13….). When any number is divided by the previous term the quotient approximates the golden ratio.

47
Q

What is programming?

A

A process in which info about a problem is collected, analyzed and clearly stated to provide a basis for design.

48
Q

Programming involves…

A

Gathering info about clients needs, identifying issues of human factors, environmental responsibility, and social and cultural influences on the design.

49
Q

What is the 5 step programming process?

A 
Establish goals
Collect and analyzing facts
Uncovering and testing concepts
Determining needs
Stating the problem
50
Q

24 programming concepts..

A

Priority, hierarchy, character, density, service grouping, activity grouping, people grouping, home base, relationships, communication, neighbors, accessibility, separated flow, mixed flow, segmented flow, orientation, flexibility, tolerance, safety, security controls, energy conservation, environmental controls, phasing, cost controls

NCIDQ (2 decks)

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