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RS > Design Argument > Flashcards

Design Argument Flashcards

1
Q

Who thought of the design argument?

A

William Paley

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2
Q

What did he compare the world to when he said there must be a designer?

A

A watch

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3
Q

What was the main theory behind the design argument?

A
  1. The world is complex and orderly
  2. This shows evidence of design
  3. If it was designed it must have a designer
  4. This is God
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4
Q

What were the 4 main problems with the design argument?

A
  • who designed the designer?
  • could order be the result of random chance?
  • the world doesn’t always seem well designed(natural evil).
  • evolution can explain the appearance without the need for God.
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5
Q

Who was the key thinker of the cosmological argument?

a.k.a: causation argument

A

St Thomas Aquinas

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6
Q

What was his theory about the cosmological argument?

A
  1. Everything that happens has a cause.
  2. The cause of this also has a cause, and so on.
  3. This chain can’t go on forever.
  4. There’s has to be a first cause un caused by anything else.
  5. This cause is God.
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7
Q

What problems were faced with the cosmological argument?

A
  • If the universe needs a cause, why doesn’t God?
  • The universe could have caused itself.
  • Science can explain the universe through the Big Bang theory.
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8
Q

How do miracles prove God’s existence?

A
  1. Miracles are violations of laws of nature.
  2. Only God could be a cause of these.
  3. Therefore God exists.
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9
Q

What problems are there with miracles proving God’s existence?

A
  • Many apparent miracles can be explained by science.
  • Reports of miracles are often untrustworthy.
  • If God intervenes on some occasion to perform miracles, why doesn’t he intervene at other times to stop evil?
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10
Q

Why does the Big Bang theory deny God’s existence?

A
  • The universe began from singularity 13.7 billion years ago
  • It underwent rapid, hot expansion and is still expanding today.
  • As the universe cooled, stars, planets and galaxies started to form.

Physicist may suggest that the universe could be self-causing.

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11
Q

What are the problems with the Big Bang theory denying Gods existence?

A
  • The universe had a beginning therefore must of had a cause- this must be God.
  • Since time and space began with the Big Bang theory, the cause of the universe must be a timeless, transcendent being- this must be God.
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12
Q

Who is the key thinker for theory of evolution by natural selection?

A

Charles Darwin.

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13
Q

What was the theory of evolution by natural selection?

A
  • organisms have adapted and changed to their environment over long periods of time.
  • survival of the fittest.
  • given enough time, natural selection can give rise to new species.
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14
Q

What challenges were faced with the Theory of Evolution denying God’s existence?

A

Evolution could be part of God’s design- nature has been set up to produce complex beings through natural selection.

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15
Q

How does the theory of evolution challenge the belief in design?

A

Because it provides evidence that things have adapted to become more complex.
It also doesn’t require the belief in a designer to explain complexity.

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16
Q

What did Richard Dawkins say?

A
  • Dawkins argued that natural selection takes place at the genetic rather than the species or individual level, as was often assumed.
  • Genes, he maintained, use the bodies of living things to further their own survival.
  • He also introduced the concept of “memes,” the cultural equivalent of genes.

He said evolution has no planning/foresight

17
Q

What are the two types of evil?

A
  • Natural evil- suffering that is not due to human action.

- Moral evil- suffering caused by human actions.

18
Q

Why does the problem of evil deny God’s existence?

A

Logical problem of evil:
(Inconsistent triad)

  1. If God is all powerful he would be able to stop suffering.
  2. If God is all loving he would want to stop suffering.
  3. But evil exists.
  4. So either God is not all-powerful, or not all-loving, or he doesn’t exist at all.
19
Q

What’s the evidential problem of evil?

A

The more evidence there is of intense and pointless evil in the world, the less likely it is that God exists.

20
Q

What counter factor is proposed to the problem of evil denying God’s existence?

A

Theodicies:
They state:
-evil is down to human free will.
-natural evil is a punishment for the sin of Adam and Eve.
-evil can help us grow and develop (soul-making).
-evil is due to Satan.

RS (1 decks)

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