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IDQ Simplified > DESIGN AND THE ENVIRONMENT - IDFX, IDPX, PRAC > Flashcards

DESIGN AND THE ENVIRONMENT - IDFX, IDPX, PRAC Flashcards

1
Q

Environment & Wellness

Conservation

A

The need to make buildings more efficient

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2
Q

Environment & Wellness

Renewable Product

A

Made of natural resources that can be replenished, generation after generation.

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3
Q

Environment & Wellness

Resiliency

A

INTENTIONAL design of a building in response to vulnerabilities due to natural conditions or through the normal use

Stress of normal use

Natural disaster situation

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4
Q

Environment & Wellness

Active Design

A

A building designed for occupant comfort and low energy by following passive design principles

Implemented to increase the energy efficiency of a building

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5
Q

Environment & Wellness

Building Commissioning

Energy Efficiency Areas Designers can control

A
  • Process of inspecting, testing starting up and adjusting building systems
  • Typically occurs during initial occupancy
  • Designers ensure that tenants scope of work is as intended
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6
Q

Environment & Wellness

Mechanical systems

Energy Efficiency Areas Designers can control

A
  • Use displacement ventilation (air comes from bottom and returns through ceiling)
  • No use of refrigerants
  • Tenants portion of HVAC complies to local energy code
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7
Q

Environment & Wellness

Electrical Use

Energy Efficiency Areas Designers can control

A
  • Reduce power required for lighting
  • Automatic lighting control
  • High reflectance finishes
  • Energy Efficient appliances
  • Daylight responsive controls
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8
Q

Environment & Wellness

Plumbing

Energy Efficiency Areas Designers can control

A

Low flow fixtures

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9
Q

Environment & Wellness

LEED is how the building interacts with the __________

A

Environment

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10
Q

Environment & Wellness

WELL is how the building interacts with the __________

A

Occupants

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11
Q

Sustainability and Environmental Impact

Energy Efficiency can be achieved through a combination of these:

A
  1. Building orientation (rectangular building with the long direction facing east-west);
  2. Building shape (any building which maximizes the total area , e.g. a cube has the least surface for the volume contained);
  3. Landscaping (use of deciduous trees or evergreens);
  4. Building shading (horizontal or vertical shading);
  5. Air locks (vestibule entry system to prevent cold drafts from entering a building);
  6. Glazing (use appropriate type of glazing system);
  7. Daylighting (window design, light shelves, and glazing selections).
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12
Q

Sustainability and Environmental Impact

Alternative energy sources to improve a building’s sustainability while decreasing life-cycle costs:

A
  1. Solar design (generate electricity)
  2. Wind (wind power to generate electricity)
  3. Geothermal (use of ground surface heat pumps using the temperature of the earth)
  4. Photovoltaic (direct conversion of sunlight into electricity)
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13
Q

Sustainability and Environmental Impact

Sustainable design addresses

A
  • Environmental impact of a building
  • Use of materials
  • Energy conservation
  • Alternative energy sources
  • Adaptive reuse
  • Indoor air quality
  • Reuse, site disturbance, site development (Brownfields vs. Greenfields)
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14
Q

Sustainability and Environmental Impact

Solar orientation should drive or affects:

A
  • Orientation of the building
  • Location of outdoor spaces
  • Location of building entries
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15
Q

Sustainability and Environmental Impact

LEED

Building Rating Systems

A

National, consensus-based rating system. It’s primary rating system

Leadership in energy & environmental design

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16
Q

Sustainability and Environmental Impact

GBI

Building Rating Systems

A

Non-profit that promotes sustainable building practices

Green Building Initiative

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17
Q

Sustainability and Environmental Impact

NAHB

Building Rating Systems

A

Describes green building practices for residential and site development

National Association of Home Builders. Green Building Standards

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18
Q

Sustainability and Environmental Impact

Energy Star

Building Rating Systems

A

Program of the EPA. Classifies energy used compared to others

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19
Q

Sustainability and Environmental Impact

CHPS

Building Rating Systems

A
  • Membership association composed of public, private and non-profit org.
  • Indoor air quality, emissions for interior materials, mold, mildew, etc..
  • Provides assessments and tools criteria

Collaborative for High Performance Schools

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20
Q

Sustainability and Environmental Impact

BRE

Building Rating Systems

A

Environmental Assessment Method. British Organization for environmental profiling

Building Research Establishment

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21
Q

Sustainability and Environmental Impact

BIFMA

Product Certification

A
  • Furniture sustainability
  • Maintains 2 ANSI approved standards for VOC. Level ratings of 1,2, or 3.

Business Institute of Furniture Manufacturer’s Association

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22
Q

Sustainability and Environmental Impact

Energy Star Label

Product Certification

A

Voluntary labeling program to promote energy-efficient products

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23
Q

Sustainability and Environmental Impact

FloorScore (RFCI)

Product Certification

A
  • Resilient Floor Covering Industry
  • Tests and certifies hard surface flooring
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24
Q

Sustainability and Environmental Impact

FSC

Product Certification

A

Standards for forest management principles and criteria

Forest Stewardship Council

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25
Q

Sustainability and Environmental Impact

Greenguard

Product Certification

A
  • Nonprofit industry independent.
  • Tests indoor products for emissions to ensure they meet acceptable indoor quality pollutant guidelines
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26
Q

Sustainability and Environmental Impact

Green Label Plus, Carpet & Rug Institute

Product Certification

A

Voluntary testing for carpet, cushion and adhesive

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27
Q

Sustainability and Environmental Impact

Green Seal

Product Certification

A

Nonprofit promoting environmentally responsible production, purchasing and products

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28
Q

Sustainability and Environmental Impact

Green Format

Product Certification

A

Web based self-reporting properties of products

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29
Q

Sustainability and Environmental Impact

MTS

Product Certification

A

Oversees SMaRT program (Sustainable Materials Rating Technology)

Market Transformation to Sustainability

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30
Q

Sustainability and Environmental Impact

ISO14000

Product Certification

A
  • Non-government organization.
  • Collection of standards and guidelines that cover issues such as performance, product standards, labeling, environmental management, life cycle assessments, etc..
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31
Q

Sustainability and Environmental Impact

C2C (MBDC)

Product Certification

A

A sustainable business model and design philosophy that aims to eliminate waste by designing products to be recycled or upcycled at the end of their life

Cradle to Cradle

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32
Q

Sustainability and Environmental Impact

SCS

Product Certification

A

Providing global leadership in third-party environmental, sustainability, food safety and quality certification, auditing, and standards

Scientific Certification System

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33
Q

Sustainability and Environmental Impact

SFI

Product Certification

A

Independent Charitable organization promoting sustainable forest management

Sustainable Forest Initiative

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34
Q

Sustainability and Environmental Impact

UL

Product Certification

A

Promotes marketplace visibility of sustainable products, services & Organizations.
1. Recycle Content
2. VOC emissions and content
3. Energy efficiency
4. Reclamation programs

Underwriters Laboratories

Code does not allow for installation of light fixtures that are not UL rated.

35
Q

Sustainability and Environmental Impact

Watersense

Product Certification

A

EPA program to help consumers identify water efficient programs and products by the WATERSENSE label

36
Q

Sustainability and Environmental Impact

Criteria for Evaluating Building Materials

A
  1. Embodied energy (energy to extract, transport)
  2. Renewable materials (LEED Credit for 5% renewable)
  3. Recycled Content
  4. Energy efficiency - reduce energy consumption
  5. Use of local materials
  6. Durability - lower life-cycle cost
  7. Low VOC
  8. Low Toxicity
  9. Moisture Problems
  10. Water conservation
  11. Maintainability
  12. Potential for reuse or recycle
  13. Reusability - becomes salvage material
37
Q

Sustainability and Environmental Impact

Embodied energy

A

How much or little energy is required to acquire, transport and use the product -and how much waste is involved.

38
Q

Sustainability and Environmental Impact

Renewable materials

A

Are the sources of the material renewable. Wood, wool, cotton, etc

39
Q

Sustainability and Environmental Impact

Recycled content

A

How much recycled content does the product have. This is easily determined by considering the post consumer, post industrial and recovered materials in the product.

40
Q

Sustainability and Environmental Impact

Energy efficiency

A

Materials, products, and assemblies should reduce the energy consumption
in a building.

41
Q

Sustainability and Environmental Impact

Use of local materials

A

This reduces transportation cost. Products that are extracted, harvested or recovered and manufactured within 500 mi is considered locally sourced.

42
Q

Sustainability and Environmental Impact

Durability

A

Even when the initial cost is higher, the life-cycle cost may be less

43
Q

Hazardous Materials

LEAD

A
  • It’s a highly toxic metal that was once used in a variety of consumer and industrial products such as paint. It’s found in contaminated air, water, soil, food, and consumer products.
  • Requires a LEAD removal Licensed Contractor to remove
  • Most commonly found in Paint, but also in plumbing if lead pipes are present
  • Banned in 1978
44
Q

Hazardous Materials

ASBESTOS

A
  • It’s a naturally occurring fibrous mineral found in certain types of rock formations. It is used commercially for their desirable physical properties (fire protection).
  • Requires a Licensed Contractor to mitigate
  • Asbestos is typically found in tiles, roof shingles, insulation, gaskets etc.
  • Asbestos were banned in the US in 1989
45
Q

Hazardous Materials

The following are agencies involved in LEAD and ASBESTOS contamination, cleaning, detection and mitigation.

A
  • EPA:Environmental Protection Agency
  • OSHA:Occupational Safety and Health Administration
  • NESHAP:National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
  • AHERA:Asbestos Hazards Emergency Response Act
  • Asbestos Containing Materials (ACM) are regulated by EPA/OSHA/State/Local Agencies
46
Q

Hazardous Materials

VERMICULATE

A
  • It’s a hydrated laminar magnesium-aluminum iron-silicate that resembles mica.
  • Requires a Licensed Contractor to mitigate
  • It is found in poured insulation and mica can be contaminated with asbestos
47
Q

Hazardous Materials

PCBs

A
  • PCBs are mixtures of synthetic organic chemicals with physical states ranging from oily liquids to waxy solids
  • Also known as Polychlorinated Biphenyls require a Licensed Contractor to mitigate
  • PCBs were banned in 1977. They are most commonly found in fluorescent light ballasts, but also transformers and capacitors, or cable insulation
48
Q

Hazardous Materials

RADON

A
  • This is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, naturally occurring radioactive gas found in soils, rocks, and water throughout the world
  • Either a contractor or Homeowner can mitigate. However, if using a contractor many jurisdictions require a license
  • Radon is a commonly found in the soil and rock beneath a home.
49
Q

Toxicity and Indoor Air Quality

Toxcity contaminants can come from different sources

A

Chemical contaminants from indoor
* VOCs, smoke, nitrogen dioxide, CO

Chemical contaminants from outdoor
* CO, outside contaminants, exhaust

Biological Contaminants
* From moisture infiltration, standing, water, stagnant water in mechanical equipment

Poor Ventilation
* Allows indoor pollutants to accumulate

Chemical, Biological, and Physical.

50
Q

Toxicity and Indoor Air Quality

Indoor Air contaminants

Indoor Air Quality (IAQ)

A

2 Categories:
* Chemical contaminants (volatile organic compounds, inorganic chemical, tobacco smoke, etc)
* Biological contaminants (mold, pollen, bacteria, and viruses)

51
Q

Toxicity and Indoor Air Quality

VOCs

Indoor Air Quality (IAQ)

A

Chemicals that contain carbon hydrogen and that vaporize at room temperature and pressure

52
Q

Toxicity and Indoor Air Quality

Formaldehyde

Indoor Air Quality (IAQ)

A
  • A colorless gas with a pungent odor, used in the preparation of resins and adhesives.
  • It is also a human carcinogen
53
Q

Toxicity and Indoor Air Quality

Biological Contaminants

Indoor Air Quality (IAQ)

A

The common problem of mold and mildew in addition to bacteria, viruses, mites, pollen, animal dander, dust, and insects

54
Q

Toxicity and Indoor Air Quality

What causes Poor IAQ?

A
  • Chemical contaminants from indoor sources
  • Chemical contaminants from outdoor sources
  • Biological contaminants
  • Poor ventilation
55
Q

Toxicity and Indoor Air Quality

What are the Symptoms of Poor Indoor Air Quality?

A
  • Sick building syndrome: Symptoms resolve when occupants leave
  • Building related illness: Symptoms do not resolve when occupants leave
  • Multiple chemical sensitivity: Condition brought by exposure to VOCs
56
Q

Toxicity and Indoor Air Quality

Strategies for maintaining good IAQ

A
  • Eliminate or reduce sources of pollution – plan to specify products that promote a good IAQ
  • Control Ventilation
  • Establish good maintenance program
  • Control occupant activity – no smoking, add CO2 sensors
57
Q

Toxicity and Indoor Air Quality

Clean Air Act of 1970

Indoor Air Quality Standards (IAQ Standards)

A

Regulates air emissions from area, stationary, and mobile sources

58
Q

Toxicity and Indoor Air Quality

National Ambient Air Quality Standards

Indoor Air Quality Standards (IAQ Standards)

A

Limits on the amount of six pollutants that can be present in outdoor air without harming public health or the environment:

59
Q

Toxicity and Indoor Air Quality

ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1

Indoor Air Quality Standards (IAQ Standards)

A

Minimum ventilation rates and other measures intended to provide indoor air quality (IAQ) that’s acceptable to human occupants and that minimizes adverse health effects

Ventilation and Acceptable Indoor Air Quality

60
Q

Toxicity and Indoor Air Quality

ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.2

Indoor Air Quality Standards (IAQ Standards)

A

Minimum requirements to achieve acceptable IAQ via dwelling-unit ventilation, local mechanical exhaust, and source control.

Ventilation and Acceptable Indoor Air Quality in Residential Buildings

61
Q

Toxicity and Indoor Air Quality

National VOC emission standards

Indoor Air Quality Standards (IAQ Standards)

A

Limits the amount of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) that can be emitted from various sources

62
Q

Toxicity and Indoor Air Quality

ASTM E1333

Indoor Air Quality Standards (IAQ Standards)

A

Standard Test Method for Determining Formaldehyde Concentrations in Air and Emission Rates from Wood Products Using a Large Chamber

63
Q

Environmental Regulations

Environmental Regulations

A

Rules and policies that aim to protect the environment and promote sustainable practices

Enforcement will typically fall under the State.

64
Q

Environmental Regulations

EPA

A
  • Protecting the environment and public health
  • Implement environmental laws
  • Overrides regulatory laws, and there are the individual state agencies.

Environmental Protection Agency

65
Q

Environmental Regulations

Clean Air Act (CAA)

A

Protect and enhance the quality of the Nation’s air resources

Overseen by the EPA

66
Q

Environmental Regulations

Clean Water Act (CWA)

A

Objective is to restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the Nation’s waters

Overseen by the EPA

67
Q

Environmental Regulations

Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA)

A
  • Places a tax on certain businesses in industries engaged in work with hazardous materials.
  • Provide funding to clean up any hazardous materials disposal sites if those businesses no longer existed.

Overseen by the EPA

68
Q

Environmental Regulations

Endangered Species Act (ESA)

A

All Federal departments and agencies shall seek to conserve endangered species and threatened species

Overseen by the EPA

69
Q

Environmental Regulations

National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)

A

Requires federal agencies to assess the environmental effects of their proposed actions prior to making decisions.

EPA is heavily involved

70
Q

Environmental Regulations

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

A

Federal law that governs the disposal of hazardous and solid waste in the United States

Overseen by the EPA

71
Q

Environmental Regulations

Passive Design

A

A building design strategy that uses natural sources of heating and cooling to reduce energy use

72
Q

Environmental Regulations

Energy Efficiency can be achieved through a combination of these:

A
  1. Building orientation (rectangular building with the long direction facing east-west);
  2. Building shape (any building which maximizes the total area , e.g. a cube has the least surface for the volume contained);
  3. Landscaping (use of deciduous trees or evergreens);
  4. Building shading (horizontal or vertical shading);
  5. Air locks (vestibule entry system to prevent cold drafts from entering a building);
  6. Glazing (use appropriate type of glazing system);
  7. Daylighting (window design, light shelves, and glazing selections).
73
Q

Environmental Regulations

Alternative energy sources to improve a building’s sustainability while decreasing life-cycle costs:

A
  1. Solar design (generate electricity)
  2. Wind (wind power to generate electricity)
  3. Geothermal (use of ground surface heat pumps using the temperature of the earth)
  4. Photovoltaic (direct conversion of sunlight into electricity)
74
Q

Environmental Regulations

Sustainable design addresses

A
  • Environmental impact of a building
  • Use of materials
  • Energy conservation
  • Alternative energy sources
  • Adaptive reuse
  • Indoor air quality
  • Reuse, site disturbance, site development (Brownfields vs. Greenfields)
75
Q

Environmental Regulations

Solar orientation should drive or affects:

A
  • Orientation of the building
  • Location of outdoor spaces
  • Location of building entries
76
Q

What agency regulates the handling lead and asbestos contamination?

A

EPA

77
Q

What Standards are given by ASHRAE?

A

Indoor Air Quality

78
Q

What types of Asbestos are most commonly found in buildings?

A

Chrysotile

79
Q

Which agency is involved in regulating Asbestos Containing Materials (ACM)?

A

EPA

80
Q

Building Commissioning is necessary for all design projects seeking LEED credits. Who is responsible to perform the building commissioning in this case

A

Independent Team

81
Q

Environmental Design Research is the approach to design that emphasizes

A

Human-environment interaction

82
Q

What are 3 typical contaminants found in buildings that are present through faulty fresh air intakes.

A

CO (Carbon Monoxide), Car Exhaust, Smoke

83
Q

What is one important component of Indoor Air Quality (IAQ)?

A

Outgassing

84
Q

Which organization oversees testing of indoor products for emissions to ensure acceptable indoor air quality and certifies these products?

A

Greenguard Environmental Institute

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