Design and Testing of Agricultural Machines: Belt, Pulley, Sprocket, Chain, Gear Drives Flashcards

1
Q

the most simple method of transmitting power in agricultural machines and widely adopted in driving various production and postproduction parts of agricultural machines.

A

Belt-and-pulley drive

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2
Q

The cost of transmitting power is very much lower

compared with sprocket-and-chain and gear drives.

A

Belt-and-pulley drive

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3
Q

a flexible material which is banded on two or more
pulleys where power is transmitted from the driver to the driven pulley. Power transmission primarily depends on the friction between the belt and the pulley surfaces.

A

Flat Belt

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4
Q

is a transmission system that consists of an endless
flexible belt that transmits power by contacting and gripping the sheaves which are keyed to the shaft of the driving and the driven machine.

A

V Belt

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5
Q

TRUE/FALSE
Flat Belt and Pulley Drives are suitable for high-speed drives, adaptable to the dusty and abrasive environment, and transmits power on a long-distance shaft.

A

TRUE

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6
Q

TRUE/FALSE
Flat Belt and Pulley Drives have longer life span, high efficiency, low cost, and low maintenance. Also applicable for the short-distance drive using pivoted or spring-actuated motor bases. Requires tension to minimize slip below 2 percent. High bearing load due to high tension requirement for the belt.

A

TRUE

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7
Q

TRUE/FALSE
V-Belt and Sheave Drives are suitable for short-center-distance driving and the ability to transfer heavy tensile load.
Usually used to transmit power between parallel shafts and used for non-parallel drives applicable for single or in multiple sheaves.

A

FALSE (long-centered)

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8
Q

Prone to elongation because of wear and operation; hence,

there is a need of mechanism to maintain the proper tension to take up the belt slacks.

A

V-Belt and

Sheave Drive

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9
Q

They rotate with slip and creep conditions’ therefore, the angular velocity between the two shafts is neither constant nor exactly equal to the ratio of the sheave pitch diameter. Power losses caused by slip and creep ranged from 3 to 5 % for most belt
drives.

A

V-Belt and

Sheave Drives

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10
Q

– is used to transmit rotary motion and power
between two shafts which lie flat on the face of the
corresponding pulley.

A

Flat Belt

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11
Q

– is a belt with trapezoidal cross-section to

transmit rotary motion to parallel shafts.

A

Narrow V-Belt

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12
Q

– is a V-belt with inverted V on top making it

more suitable for multiple-sheaves drive arrangement.

A

Double V- Belt

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13
Q

– is a V-belt with teeth design for a special kind
of sheave to provide more gripping action to obtain higher
efficiency hence minimizing belt slip.

A

Cogged Belt

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14
Q

– combines the features of a flat belt and a
V-belt. It operates very efficiently and can run at a very high
speed.

A

V-Ribbed Belt

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15
Q

– is most common where there is a
large center distance between shafts or where drive ratio
goes beyond the commonly supplied drive.

A

Variable-Speed Belt

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16
Q

It can carry significant load of up to 500hp and
can provide long service life. However, it is costly and
requires to be cleaned and dressed at all times. It is also
prone to stretch and shrink. Also, it is normally limited to low
or moderate speed.

A

Leather

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17
Q

This is a combination of both
fabric and cord reinforcement that provides the strength of
chord reinforcement and the abrasion resistance of the
fabric.

A

Rubberized fabric or cord

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18
Q

This kind of belt material is the least
costly of all. For the same width and thickness, this type
transmits less power and has a shorter life than leather.

A

Rubberized Fabric

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19
Q

This is only available as endless belt and
not designed to be spliced. It carries 50% more power that
fabric reinforced belt.

A

Rubberized Chord

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20
Q

This has a nylon member
covered by rubber or plastic. Its capacities ranged from
fractional horsepower to 100hp per inch of width. It is capable
of operating at 40,000 fpm.

A

Reinforced Rubber or Plastic

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21
Q

It is made either of plain or with chemical or

rubberized coatings. It has the ability to tract uniformly

A

Fabric

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22
Q

ordered according to the material, width and
number of plies. Example, canvas-type flat belt 4in. wide, 4
plies.

A

Flat belts

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23
Q

ordered according to brand, type, (A, B, C, D, E,
etc.) and length. Example, Mitsubishi B-52 belt means type B
with circumferential length of 52 inches.

A

V-belts

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24
Q

are used to transmit the power from the belt to the shaft. Generally made of cast iron. However, there are steel pulleys that are also available and are made in various sizes
and combinations. And should be carefully selected to fit the need and requirement of the drive

A

Pulleys and sheaves

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25
Q

are grooved sheaves or flat pulleys which do not serve to
transmit power. Instead they are used to tighten belt when it is
not possible to move either shaft for belt installation and take-up

A

Idlers

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26
Q

Pulley shafts are parallel with each other
Pulleys have the same direction
Shorter belt length
Smaller arc of contact of belt on two pulleys
Suitable for v-belt and flat belt drives

A

Open-Belt Drive

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27
Q

• Pulley shafts are perpendicular with each other
• Requires longer belt than open-belt drive
• Relatively higher arc of contact between belt and
pulley
• Suitable for flat belt or special type of v-belt

A

Quarter-Turn Drive

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28
Q
  • Pulley shafts are parallel with each other
  • Pulleys direction are opposite
  • Requires longer belt length
  • Higher arc of contact of belt on pulleys
  • Suitable for flat belt drive or special type of v-belt
A

Cross-Belt Drive

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29
Q

Pulley Speed and Diameters Formula

A

N1 D1 = N2 D2

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30
Q

Speed Ratio Formula

Speed Ratio – It is the ratio of the angular speed of
two pulleys making no allowance for slip and creep.

A

Nr = N1 / N2

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31
Q

Belt Velocity Formula

Belt Velocity – is the linear speed of the belt.

A

Vb = 0.262 x D x N

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32
Q

Belt Length (Open Drive) Formula

Belt Length – is the stretched-out length of the belt.

A

L = 2C + 1.57 (D + d) + [D – d]^2 / 4C

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33
Q

Belt Length (Crossed Drive) Formula

A

L = 2C + 1.57 (D + d) + [D + d]^2 / 4C

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34
Q

Belt Length (Quarter Turn Drive Formula

A

L = 1.57 (D + d) + √(C^2 + D^2) + √(C^2 + d^2)

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35
Q

Length of Arc Formula

Length of Arc – is the length of belt that is linked on pulley or
pulleys.

A

La = D x A / 115

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36
Q

Arc of Contact of Smaller Pulley

Arc of Contact – is the angle by which the belt is in contact
with the pulley.

A

Arc = 180 - [ 57.3 ( D – d ) / C ]

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37
Q

Design Power for V-Belt Drive Formula

A

DP = NPR x SF

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38
Q

V-Belt Power Rating Formula

A

Power Rating = Table Rating + Additional power for Speed Ratio

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39
Q

V-Belt Corrected Power Rating Formula

A

Corrected Power Rating= Power Rating x Arc of Contact Factor x Belt Length Correction Factor

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40
Q

Number of V-Belts Formula

A

Number of Belts = Power Capacity / Corrected Power Rating

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41
Q

What formula is this?

Wb = ( H x S ) / ( K x C )

A

Width of Flat Belt

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42
Q

What formula is this?

Wp = Wb +Allowance

A

Width of Pulley

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43
Q

An engine is to be used to drive
a hammer mill to run at 3,000rpm
speed. How would you couple the
hammer mill to the engine?

A

By connecting the engine to the
mill using belt and pulley drive to
reduce its speed while running the
mill at 3000 rpm.

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44
Q

If two shafts are perpendicular
with each other, what type of drive
system would you recommend?

A

Flat belt

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45
Q

When one pulley is to be driven
horizontally and the other pulley is
to be driven vertically, what drive
system would you recommend?

A

Quarter-turn drive

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46
Q

If two parallel flat pulleys are to
be driven in opposite direction,
what drive would you recommend?

A

Cross drive

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47
Q

Drive used to run perpendicular

shafts.

A

Drive used to run perpendicular

shafts.

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48
Q

Machine element used to drive

flat belts.

A

Pulley

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49
Q

Pulley that is used to tighten

the belt of a drive system.

A

Idler pulley

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50
Q

Flat pulleys are usually

provided with crown to ____.

A

prevent the belt from slipping

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51
Q

Flat pulleys are crowned by
making the center diameter larger
than the edge diameter by ___.

A

1/8 in. per foot of the pulley

diameter

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52
Q

If the driver pulley diameter is
increased, the speed of the driven
pulley will ____.

A

Increase

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53
Q

Commonly used belt drive for

engine-driven multi-pass rice mills.

A

Flat belt

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54
Q
Type of flat belt that has the
advantage of high-tensile
strength to hold metal fasteners
satisfactorily and has high
resistance to deterioration due to
moisture.
A

Reinforced-nylon chord belt

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55
Q

basically consists of an endless chain whose links

engage the teeth of sprocket keyed to the shaft of the driving and the driven mechanisms.

A

chain drive

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56
Q

used to transmit power and to synchronize
motion or maintain a fixed-speed ratio between rotating shafts and commonly used in the construction of transmission boxes for power and puddling type floating tillers in the Philippines.

A

chain drive

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57
Q

TRUE/FALSE

The chain drive shaft distances are unrestricted, i.e. the drive is well suited for long and short center distances.
They do not creep or slip but maintain a positive speed ratio
between the driver and the driven shafts.

A

TRUE

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58
Q

TRUE/FALSE

They are physically not more compact than belt drives and require less accurate alignment of the shaft and the
sprockets. Arc of contact is bigger for chains than for belts.
They are more practical for mild speed.

A

FALLSE (more compact, more accurate, smaller for chains, low speed)

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59
Q

is one of the oldest styles chains that are still in use today

A

Detachable Chain

60
Q

• They are used for slightly higher speed (up to about 450
fpm) and heavier loads.
• They are made of individual cast links having full round
barrel end with offset sidebars.

A

Pintle Chain

61
Q

• They are high-speed chains used predominantly for prime

mover power take-off drive.

A

Inverted-Tooth or Silent Chain

62
Q

• They are used for manually-controlled or slow-speed drives.

A

Bead or Slider Chain

63
Q

a type of roller chain made of basic components called link plates, rollers, bushings and pins. The chain can be either single- or multi-strand and comes in various sizes with different tensile strengths.

A

Engineering Steel Chain

64
Q

• This is the most important type for agricultural use. It is
available either single- or multiple-strand type.
• Roller chain composed of roller, links, and pin links,
alternately spaced throughout the length of the chain. The
roller link consists of two sets of rollers and bushing, and
two link plates, and the pin links consists of two pins and
two link plates.

A

Roller Chain

65
Q
Types of Sprockets
• A - 
• B - 
• C - 
• D -
A
  • A - plain plate
  • B - with hub on one side only
  • C - with hub on both sides
  • D - detachable hub
66
Q

Materials of Sprockets
• Cast iron – for large sprockets
• Steel - small sprockets
• Stainless steel or bronze – for corrosion resistant
application
• Formica, nylon, and special purpose plastic – for special
condition

A

• Cast iron – for large sprockets
• Steel - small sprockets
• Stainless steel or bronze – for corrosion resistant
application
• Formica, nylon, and special purpose plastic – for special
condition

67
Q

It is the distance between adjacent joint members.

A

Chain Pitch –

68
Q

It is the diameter of the pitch circle that passes
through the center of the link pins as the chain wrapped on the
sprocket.

A

Pitch Diameter

69
Q

TRUE/FALSE

The size of chain-and-sprocket drive is designated as RC
Number. The higher the chain number, the larger is the loading
capacity of the drive.

A

TRUE

70
Q

What is this formula?

Nr Tr = Nn Tn

A

Sprocket Speed

71
Q

What is this formula?

R = Nr/Nn

A

Speed Ratio

72
Q

What is this formula?

V = [ p x T x N] / 376

A

Chain Velocity

73
Q

What is this formula?

L = 2 C + [(Tl – Ts)/2] + [(Tl-Ts)/ 4 π^2 C]

A

Length of Chain

74
Q

Sprocket Pitch Diameter Formula

A

PD = P / [ sin (180/T)]

75
Q

Chain Forces Formula

A

Cp = 1000 P / V

76
Q

Design Power = Power to be transmitted x service factor /

Multiple strand factor

A

Power Rating

77
Q

Power Rating Required = Design Power x Design Life /

15,000

A

Power Rating Required

78
Q

– Oil is supplied periodically with

brush or spout can once every 8 hours of operation.

A

Manual Lubrication

79
Q

– Oil drops are directed between the link

plate edges from a drip lubricator.

A

Drip Lubrication

80
Q

– The lower strand of chain runs

through a sump of oil in the drive housing

A

Bath or Disc Lubrication

81
Q

– The lubricant is usually supplied
by a circulating pump capable of supplying each chain
drive with a continuous stream of oil.

A

Oil-Stream Lubrication

82
Q
A drive system consisting of an 
endless chain whose links engage 
the teeth of sprocket keyed to the 
shaft of the driving and of the 
driven mechanism that is 
commonly used for power tiller 
transmission boxes.
A

By connecting the engine to the
mill using belt and pulley drive to
reduce its speed while running the
mill at 3000 rpm

83
Q
A drive system consisting of an 
endless chain whose links engage 
the teeth of sprocket keyed to the 
shaft of the driving and of the 
driven mechanism that is 
commonly used for power tiller 
transmission boxes.
A

Roller chain drive

84
Q

Chain size is usually specified

in terms of ____.

A

roller chain number

85
Q

RC-50 chain is stronger than

____.

A

RC-40

86
Q

Minimum size of chain for the
transmission box of a walking-type
hand tractor.

A

ANSI chain number 50

87
Q

Length of chains is usually

expressed in ____.

A

pitches

88
Q

If roller chain number 40 is to
be replaced with no. 60, the
strength of the chain will ____.

A

increase

89
Q

For slow-speed operation, the
recommended number of teeth for
driver sprocket is ____.

A

16 teeth

90
Q

Recommended minimum
number of sprocket teeth for highspeed
operation.

A

18 - 24 teeth

91
Q

The slack strand for chain with
horizontal center should be located
at the ____.

A

lower side

92
Q
Which of the following is not a
part of the roller chain construction?
a. Rollers
b. Pins
c. Outside link plates
d. Inside link plates
e. None of the above
A

e. None of the above

93
Q
Connecting link assembly for
easy and rapid replacement of parts
of chain drive.
a. Pin link
b. Link plate
c. Retainer
d. All of the above
A

All of the above

94
Q

Profiled wheel with teeth that
meshes with a chain, track or other
perforated or indented material.

A

Sprocket

95
Q

Drive in which shafts are
operating on a counterclockwise
direction.

A

Gears

96
Q

Gears are used for agricultural

machinery because ____.

A

they transmit high power and

efficiency and with long service life

97
Q

Most common type of gear used
in agricultural machinery with
straight and parallel teeth to the
shaft axis.

A

Spur gear

98
Q

The projecting part of a gear that
comes in contact with the other
gear resulting in an opposite
direction rotation.

A

Gear tooth

99
Q

Spacing of gear teeth which is

measured along the pitch circle.

A

Circular pitch

100
Q

Type of gear commonly used for

gear reducers or gear motors.

A

Worm gear

101
Q

Type of gear used for powertake-

off drive.

A

Spline shaft gear

102
Q

Smallest gear that is meshing

together.

A

Pinion

103
Q
Service factors used in
calculating the design power for
gears include \_\_\_\_.
a. type of load
b. type of lubrication
c. All of the above
A

All of the above

104
Q

A gear is rotating at 800 rpm and
is driven by another gear at 400 rpm.
What is the speed ratio of the gear
drives?

A

2

105
Q

AGMA stands for ____.

A

American Gear Manufacturers

Association

106
Q

Type of gear used to transmit
rotational motion and power between
parallel shafts.

A

Helical gear

107
Q

Type of gear used for
intersecting shaft usually at right
angles.

A

Bevel gear

108
Q

Type of gear used to transmit
rotational motion and power
between intersecting shafts.

A

Bevel gear

109
Q

Type of gear used to connect
an implement shaft to the tractor
PTO shaft.

A

Spline shaft gear

110
Q

When buying gear box,
which of the following important
parameters need to be
specified?

A

Speed ratio & power rating

111
Q

The larger part of the

meshing gear is called

A

Gear

112
Q

The larger part of the

meshing gear is called

A

pinion gear

113
Q
Which of the following
belongs to parallel shaft gears?
a. Spur gears
b. Helical gear
c. Internal gear
d. All of the above
e. Two of the above
A

All of the above

114
Q

Parallel shaft gears with

straight tooth line.

A

Spur gear

115
Q

Parallel shaft gear with

winding tooth line.

A

Helical gear

116
Q

Parallel shaft gear that can
transmit high load and higher
speed applications.

A

Helical gear

117
Q

A straight rod that mesh with
pinion used to convert rotational
motion to linear motion

A

Gear Rack

118
Q
Which of the following
belongs to non-parallel shaft
gears?
a. Bevel gear
b. Worm gear
c. Miter gear
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
A

All of the above

119
Q

are tooth wheels used to transmit power and motion
at a constant ratio from one rotating shaft to another by
means of a positive contact of successively engaging teeth.

A

Gears

120
Q

TRUE/FALSE

Compared with V-belts and chain drives, gear drives are
more compact and can operate at a higher speed. Gear
drive also provides precise timing of motion.

A

TRUE

121
Q

TRUE/FALSE

In agricultural machinery, gears are commonly used in
loading drives for tractors, self-propelled combines,
power tiller, and many others.

A

FALSE (transmission)

122
Q

refers to the pitch circle or pitch diameter of the

gear.

A

Gear size

123
Q

is the height of the gear tooth beyond the pitch

circle.

A

Addendum

124
Q

is the depth of the tooth below the pitch circle.

A

Dedendum

125
Q

is the spacing of the gear teeth measured

along the pitch circle.

A

Circular Pitch

126
Q

is the ratio of the number of teeth to the

pitch diameter in inches.

A

Diametral Pitch

127
Q

is the sum of addendum and dedendum

A

Gear Depth

128
Q

is equal to the sum

of the addendum.

A

Work Depth or Depth of Engagement

128
Q

is equal to the sum

of the addendum.

A

Work Depth or Depth of Engagement

129
Q

is the line connecting the center of gear

rotation

A

Line of Centers

130
Q

is a curve formed that unwrapped around a

cylinder.

A

Involute

131
Q

is a curve generated from the involute

A

Base Circle

132
Q

is a line through the point of tangency

and tangent to the base circle.

A

Pressure Angle

133
Q

It is the most common type of gear identified as simple, low cost, and easy to maintain. The teeth are straight and parallel to the shaft axis.

A

Spur Gear

134
Q

It can carry more load than the equivalent size spur gear. Operates more smoothly and quietly however it is more costly than spur gears.

A

Helical Gear

135
Q

It is a quiet and smooth action that provides a maximum reduction ratio for a given center distance used only for speed reduction.

A

Worm Gear

136
Q

Cannot back-drive at ratios greater than 20:1.

The contact area is large hence load capacity is high and shafts are almost always at right angles.

A

Worm gear

137
Q

This is the simplest type of gear for intersecting shaft.
It is commonly used for shaft intersecting at right angle but
can also be used for shaft mating at any angle.

A

Straight Bevel Gear

138
Q

Gears are designed in pairs thus are not always
interchangeable. The supporting shaft and bearings must be rigid to maintain
proper tooth contact.

A

Straight Bevel Gear

139
Q

Similar to spiral-bevel gears except that the shafts do not
intersect. Operates more smoothly and more quietly and is
stronger for a given ratio also permits a very high drive ratios and shaft angles usually 90 deg, but other angles are
possible.

A

Hypoid Gear

140
Q

Module = Circular Pitch / π

Module = Pitch Diameter / Number of Teeth

Pitch Diameter = Number of Teeth x Module

Number of Teeth = Pitch Diameter / Module

Tooth thickness on the Pitch Line = 1.5708 x Module

A

Formula for Spur Gear

141
Q

Outside Diameter = 2 Addendum plus pitch diameter

Addendum = Module

Dedendum = 1.25 x module

Clearance = Whole depth – 2 dedendum

Min Whole Depth = 2.35 x Module

Center Distance = Module (t1 + t2) / 2

A

Formula for Spur Gear

142
Q

It is the ratio between the number of teeth of the driver and
the driven gear.

A

Gear Ratio

143
Q

What is this formula?

Ft = T / [D/2] or
= 19.1 x 10^6 kW / [ D x N ]
where: Ft - transmitted load, N
D - pitch diameter, mm
kW - power, kW
N - speed of shaft, rpm
A

Gear Tooth Load

144
Q

This is a required power which is a function of the type of

load and of lubrication. Identified as Power to be Transmitted multiply with the Service Factor

A

Design Power