Descriptive Statistics

Question 1

Categorical data?

Answer 1

Data that can be grouped by specific categories

Question 2

Tabular display methods
chanariin ugugdliig negtgeh

Answer 2

Frequency distribution(频数分布)
Relative frequency distribution(相对频数分布)
Percent frequency distribution(百分数频数分布)

Question 3

Categorical variable (graphic)

Answer 3

Bar chart(条形图)
Pie chart(饼图)

Question 4

What is frequency distribution(频数分布)

Answer 4

Davtamjiin tarhalt ni ylgaatai dvhtsaagui angilal buyu angi bur dehi ajiglaltiin too damtamjiig haruuldag husnegt
Anhnii ugugdliig shuud haraad turgen olj avch chadahgui medeelleer hangah zorilgotoi

Question 5

Quantitative data?

Answer 5

Data that use numeric values to indicate how much or how many

Question 6

How to find Relative frequency distribution（相对频数分布）？

Answer 6

Tuhain angilliin haritsangui davtamj ni tuhain angilald hamaarah ajiglaltiin niit dun deh butarhai heseg buyu proports um
Haritsangui davtamj = davtamj / n

Question 7

Frequency distribution (频数分布)的3步

Answer 7

Toon ugugdul buhii davtamjiin tarhaltiin huvid bulgiug(angilal) todorhoilohod hregtei 3 alham:
Davhtsaagui bulgiin toog todorhoil
Buleg buriin urtiig todorhoiloh
Bulguudiin hiliig todorhoiloh

Question 8

Bulgiin(angilaliin) urtiig herhen todorhoiloh ve

Answer 8

Tentsuu urttai bulguud ashigla
Oiroltsoogoor bulgiin urt = hamgiin ih utga - hamgiin baga utga / bulgiin too

Question 9

Making comparison of 3 or 2 data what kind of chart do we need to draw

Answer 9

Make comparison －
Side by side bar chart (复合条形图）
Stacked bar chart(结构条形图)

Question 10

Show relationship diagram?

Answer 10

－ scatter diagram(散点图)
－trendline(趋势线)

Question 11

散点图(scatter diagram)有几类似？
画图形

Answer 11

Eyreg hamaaral lec2b p.11
Surug hamaaral
Medegdehuits hamaaral bhgui

Question 12

怎么找均值(mean)?

Answer 12

P.32

Question 13

Randomly sampled?

Answer 13

Hervee uzuuleltuud ni tuuvriin toon ugugdluur tootsoologdoj bvl tedgeeriig tuuvriin uzuuleltuud gene
Tuuvriin dundaj x=£xi / n

Question 14

Eh olonlogiin parametriin uzuulelt

Answer 14

Hervee uzuuleltuud ni eh olonlogiin toon ugugdluur tootsoologdoj bvl tedgeeriin eh olonlogiin parametruud gj nerldg
u = £xi / N

Question 15

Weighted mean

Answer 15

X= £wi xi / £wi ＇
xi = i-r ajiglaltiin utga
wi= i-r ajiglltiin utgiin jin
Hurtver : jinlesen ugugdliin utguudiin niilber
Huvaarit : jingiin niilber
Hervee ugugdul eh olonlog bol x bish u-g bichn

Question 16

Trimmed mean(截断平均值):

Answer 16

：The mean of data deleting a percentage of the smallest and largest values

Question 17

Percentiles(百分位数)?

Answer 17

The pth percentile means approximately p％of the observations are less than It.
Location of the pth percentile:Lp = p / 100 (n+1)
pth percentile = p. 33

Question 18

Quartiles(四分位数)是什么？

Answer 18

Dood quartiles = Q1
II quartile = Q2
Deed quarttile = Q3

Question 19

What is measures of variability?

Answer 19

Helbelzliin toon uzuuleltuudiig tuviin handlagiin toon uzuuleltuudtei hamtad ni avch uzeh shaardlagatai boldg

Question 20

Measures of variability includes?
Helbelzliin toon uzuulelt

Answer 20

Range (dalaits )= largest value －smallest value
Interquartile range(四分位距): Q3 -Q1quartile hoorondiin dalaits
Variance: s2 = £(xi - x)2 / n - 1 tuuvriin variance
Eh olonlogiin variance : o2 = £(xi - u)2 / N
Standard deviation: s = yzguur s2
Coefficient of variation: CV = [ s/x * 100 ] %

Question 21

Measures of distribution shape

Answer 21

Slowness(偏度)heltiilt = n / (n - 1) (n - 2) £[xi - x / s]3
Heltiilt utga ni =0 dundj boln median in utg tentsuu

Question 22

Skewness(偏度)

Answer 22

Zuun talruu dund zerg heltiilt hiisen bl heltiiltiin utga surug
Dundaj ni ihenhdee medianii utgaas baga bn
Baruun talru heltiisen utga ni eyreg
Dundaj ni ihenhdee medianii utgaas ih bn
Baruun talruuga nileen ih heltiisen utga eyreg (ihevchlen 1s ih)
Dundaj utga ihenhdee medians ih bn

Question 23

Measures of relative location

Answer 23

Z-score/standardized value (z-分数/标准化值):
Zi = xi−x ̄ / s
Chebyshev’s Theorem: At least (1 − 1/z2) of the items in any data set will be within z standard deviations of the mean, where z is any value greater than 1.
Дурын өгөгдлийн хувьд дор хаяж (1 - 1/z2) утгууд нь z > 1 байх үед x ̄ ± 𝑧 ∙ 𝑠 завсарт оршин байна.

Question 24

Measures of relative location: 2

Answer 24

Three-sigma Rule of Thumb (68–95–99.7 rule): For a data having bell-shape distribution,
Approximately 68% of the data values will be within 𝜇 ± 𝜎.
Approximately 95% of the data values will be within 2 standard deviations of the mean(𝜇 ± 2𝜎).
Approximately all (99.7%) of the data values will be within 3 standard deviations of the mean(𝜇 ± 3𝜎 ).

Question 25

Detecting outliers

Answer 25

Outlier: a data value with a z-score less than −3 or greater than +3, it might be
an incorrectly recorded data value
a data value that was incorrectly included in the data set
a correctly recorded data value that belongs in the data set

Question 26

What is five number summary?

Answer 26

Five number summary: smallest value, first quantile, median, third quantile, largest value

Question 27

What is box plots:

Answer 27

Box plot ni tavan toonii duremd suurilan baiguuldag graphic durslel um

Question 28

What is symbol ＊：

Answer 28

Symbol ＊：Data outside the lower and upper limits are considered outliers, usually being shown with symbol ＊in the plot.

Question 29

What is Covariance?

Answer 29

Ковариац нь хоёр хувьсагчийн хоорондох шугаман хамаарлыг хэмжих үзүүлэлт юм..

Sample: sxy = £n (xi −x ̄)(yi −y ̄) / n - 1 & Population: σxy = £n (xi −μx )(yi −μy ) / N

Question 30

What is Correlation Coefficient?

Answer 30

Корреляци нь шугаман хамаарлыг хэмжих үзүүлэлт болох боловч харин учир шалтгаан нь болдоггүй.
• Хоёр хувьсагч хүчтэй хамааралтай байна гэдэг нь нэг хувьсагч нь нөгөө хувьсагчийнхаа учир шалтгаан нь болно гэсэн үг биш юм

Question 31

Correlation Coefficient的公式？

Answer 31

p. 40 ppt1

Question 32

Correlation Coefficient原理

Answer 32

Корреляци нь -1-с +1-ийн хооронд утгаа авна.
• •
•
-1 ойролцоо утга нь хүчтэй сөрөг хамаарал байгааг харуулна. +1 ойролцоо утга нь хүчтэй эерэг хамаарал байгааг харуулна.
0-ийн ойролцоо корреляци нь хамаарал сул байгааг илтгэнэ.