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GEOLOGY > descriptive mineral table > Flashcards

descriptive mineral table Flashcards

1
Q

graphite

A
  • C
  • elemental carbon
  • silver grey
  • black streak
  • marks paper, feels greasy, one chief direction of cleavage
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2
Q

galena

A
  • PbS
  • lead sulfide
  • silver-grey
  • black streak
  • bright, metallic luster, dense, cubic cleavage
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3
Q

pyrite

A
  • FeS2
  • iron disulfide
  • light brass-yellow
  • black streak
  • poor cleavage, fragile, fool’s gold
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4
Q

magnetite

A
  • Fe3O4
  • iron oxide
  • black
  • black streak
  • magnetic, granular, or octahedral crystal, no cleavage, dense
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5
Q

talc

A
  • Mg3Si4O10(OH)2
  • hydrous magnesium silicate
  • white to pale green
  • pearly luster
  • extremely soft, feels soapy, one chief direction of cleavage
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6
Q

native sulfur

A
  • S
  • yellow
  • resinous
  • sulfur odor, low density and hardness
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7
Q

gypsum

A
  • CaSO4 x 2H20
  • hydrous calcium sulfate
  • colorless, white, pale orange
  • vitreous/pearly
  • selenite is clear/satin spar is fibrous, cleavage in one direction best developed
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8
Q

kaolinite

A
  • Al2Si2O5(OH)4
  • hydrous aluminosilicate
  • white, cream
  • earthy, dull
  • soft, powdery texture, smells earthy when damp
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9
Q

biotite mica

A
  • K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
  • hydrous potassium aluminum ferromagnesian silicate
  • dark brown, black
  • vitreous
  • peels into thin, elastic, greenish-brown sheets along one direction of cleavage
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10
Q

muscovite mica

A
  • KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
  • hydrous potassium aluminum silicate
  • colorless, pale green
  • vitreous to pearly
  • transparent mica, peels into thin, elastic, transparent sheets along one direction of cleavage
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11
Q

halite

A
  • NaCl
  • sodium chloride
  • colorless, salmon, pastels
  • vitreous to greasy
  • cubic cleavage, tastes salty
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12
Q

calcite

A
  • CaCO3
  • calcium carbonate
  • colorless, white, rarely pastels
  • vitreous
  • effervesces freely in cold dilute HCl, rhombohedral cleavage
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13
Q

earthy hematite

A
  • Fe2O3
  • iron oxide
  • dull brownish red to bright red
  • submetallic to earthy
  • commonly earthy and too powdery for hardness test, no cleavage, red-brown streak
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14
Q

hornblende

A
  • complex hydrous ferromagnesian silicate with Ca, Al, Na
  • greenish black to black
  • vitreous
  • shiny on cleavage faces, slintery at edges, 124 and 56 degree cleavage angles
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15
Q

augite

A
  • similar to hornblende, but anhydrous
  • dark green to black
  • vitreous
  • duller and greener than hornblende, 87 and 93 degree cleavage, uneven fracture
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16
Q

orthoclase feldspar (k feldspar)

A
  • KAlSi3O8
  • potassium aluminosilicate
  • white, pink, salmon
  • vitreous
  • wavy internal pattern, two good cleavages at 90 degrees, will scratch glass
17
Q

plagioclase feldspar

A
  • NaAlSi3O8, CaAl2Si2O8
  • sodium and/or calcium aluminosilicate
  • white, grey
  • vitreous
  • two good cleavages at 90 degrees, will scratch glass
18
Q

olivine

A
  • (Mg,Fe)2SiO4
  • olive green
  • vitreous
  • conchoidal fracture, color distinctive
19
Q

quartz

A
  • SiO2
  • colorless, white, grey, various
  • vitreous
  • 6 sided, conchoidal fractures, no cleavage
20
Q

garnet

A
  • Fe3Al2(SiO4)3
  • iron-calcium-magnesium aluminum silicate
  • brown, red
  • vitreous/resinous
  • dodecahedral crystals, no cleavage
21
Q

chlorite

A
  • hydrous aluminous ferromagnesian silicate
  • light to dark green
  • vitreous to earthy
  • flakes are not elastic, mica-like
22
Q

native gold

A

-Au
-gold, rose, white
-same as color
gold streak, dense

23
Q

dolomite

A
  • CaMg(CO3)2
  • calcium magnesium carbonate
  • white, yellow, pink
  • vitreous to pearly
  • in cold HCL, effervesces slowly when powdered
24
Q

fluorite

A
  • CaF2
  • calcium fluoride
  • colorless, purple
  • vitreous
  • cubic or octahedral crystals, octahedral cleavage
25
Q

staurolite

A
  • FeAl4Si2O10(OH)2
  • hydrous iron aluminosilicate
  • brown
  • vitreous to dull
  • twinned to form diagnostic cruciform crosses
26
Q

topaz

A
  • Al2SiO4(OH,F)2
  • hydrous fluoroaluminosilicate
  • colorless,white,golden
  • vitreous
  • one direction of basal cleavage,striations on crystal faces
27
Q

diamond

A
  • C
  • elemental carbon
  • colorless, pastels
  • adamantine to greasy
  • hardest natural substance, four well developed directions of cleavage

GEOLOGY (2 decks)

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