Descriptive Epi & Measures of Disease Frequency Flashcards
What is descriptive epidemiology?
WHO
WHEN
WHERE
What do we use to understand the distribution of disease?
Frequencies (in relation to pop size)
Patters of disease occurrence- Person/Place/Time
Types of Surveillance & explaination
Passive- healthcare reports
Active- go to communities- ie. EIS and John Snow
Syndromic- look for symptoms/signs of traceable but rare diseases/conditions- biosurveillance
Induction/ incubation
Time from exposure to symptoms or clinically diagnosable (onset of disease)
Latency
Time between onset of disease and detection
Case definition
Set of uniform criteria used to define disease/conditions
Used for surveillance
Numerical Representations
3 types
Proportions
Ratios
Rates
Proportion
% part/whole RELATED groups
Ratio
UNRELATED numbers compared
Rate
Proportion/time
3 key factors in comparing disease frequency between groups
people affected (frequency/count)
Size of at risk pop or study pop
Length of time of pop watch
Incidence
New cases of disease per base pop
PROPORTION
Prevalence
New cases AND existing cases per base pop
PROPORTION
At risk
Those who can get disease in a population
Could be: whole pop - those with disease - immune (if possible)
Levels of disease extent (5)
Epidemic Outbreak Endemic Emergency of International Concern Pandemic
