Descriptive Epi Flashcards
passive surveillance
relies on healthcare system to follow regulations on required reportable diseases/conditions, public health system waits for reports to come in, in order to track diseases.
active surveillance
public health officials go into communities to search for new disease/condition cases
syndromic surveillance
a system that looks for pre-defined signs/symptoms of patients related to trackable but rare diseases/conditions
case definitions
a set of uniform criteria used to define a disease/condition for public health surveillance. enables public health to classify and count cases consistently.
council of state and and territorial epidemiologists, national notifiable disease surveillance system
CSTE, recommends reporting cases of selected diseases to the CDC’s NNDSS
epidemic
KC, occurrence of disease clearly in excess of normal expectancy. and increase above normal compared to a baseline.
outbreak
on campus, an epidemic limited to a localized increase in the occurrence of disease.
endemic
the constant presence of a disease within a given area or population in excess of normal levels in other areas. this will be their normal, but higher than everyone else.
emergency of international concern
pre-alert, an epidemic that alerts the world to the need for high vigilance.
pandemic
global, an epidemic spread worldwide
epidemic curve
a graphical, time based depiction generated during and outbreak/epidemic reflecting the number of cases by date. shows who, when and where. it visually depicts magnitude, timing and pattern of disease.
proportions
simple percentage, part-over-whole. division of two related numbers.
ratios
division of 3 unrelated numbers.
rates
a proportion with time is incorporated into the denominator
3 key factors in comparing measures of disease frequency between groups
- # of people affected/impacted
- size of the source of population or those at risk
- length of time the population is followed
incidence
new cases of disease, every new case of disease gets Included in the group
prevalence
existing cases of disease + new cases of disease, factors in PREvious case but adds to it all the new
incidence
of new cases of illness/# of people at risk of illness
ONLY those that are at risk, must subtract out those who are immune or already have the illness
incidence rate
of new cases of disease/person-time at risk for the disease
prevalence
of existing cases of a disease/# of persons in a population
point prevalence
prevalence at a given point in time, all old, new and existing cases are factored
period prevalence
most common, prevalence over a given period of time
crude morbidity rate
of persons with disease/ # of persons in population
crude mortality rate
of deaths (all causes)/ # of persons in population
cause specific mortality rate
of cause specific deaths (car accident, heart attack)/ # of persons in populations
cause specific morbidity rate
of persons with cause specific disease (cancer, lung disease)/ # of people in population
case fatality rate
of cause specific deaths/ # of cases of disease
cause specific surveil rate
of cause specific cases alive/ # of cases of disease
proportional mortality rate (PMR)
of cause specific deaths/ total # of deaths in population
live birth rate
of live births/ 1000 population
fertility rate
of live births/ 1000 women of childbearing years (15-44)
neonatal mortality rate
of deaths in those <28days/ 1000 live births
postnatal mortality rate
of deaths in those >28 days but <1 year/ 1000 live births
infant mortality rate
of deaths in those <1 year/ 1000 live births
maternal mortality rate
of female deaths related to pregnancy/ 100,000 live births
infectivity
ability of an organism to invade a pt. # of infected/# of susceptible
pathogenicity
ability to cause clinical disease # with clinical disease/ # infected
virulence
ability to cause death # of deaths/# with infectious disease
