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MPAS '25 Dermatology Class > Description of Skin Lesions > Flashcards

Description of Skin Lesions Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Macule

A

type of primary lesion with below qualities:
- lesion is flat (non-palpable)
- lesion measures less than 1 cm
- not filled with any material
- color change of skin only
ex: think like freckles!

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2
Q

Patch

A

type of primary lesion with below qualities:
- lesion is flat
- measures greater than or equal to 1 cm
- not filled with any material
- color change only
ex: vitiligo

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3
Q

Papule

A

type of primary lesion with below qualities:
- lesion is raised but may have a depressed portion (center)
- superficial
- lesion measures less than 1 cm
- includes solid content (hard, no fluid)
ex: blue nevus

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4
Q

Plaque

A

type of primary lesion with below qualities:
- lesion is raised or depressed
- measures greater than or equal to 1 cm
- has solid content (no fluid inside)
- well-defined
- can form when papules coalesce (combine or come together)
ex: pityriasis rosea

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5
Q

Nodule

A

type of primary lesion with below qualities:
- lesion is raised
- measures greater than or equal to 1 cm
- contents can be solid or fluid
- larger and deeper than a papule
ex: basal cell carcinoma

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6
Q

Vesicle

A

type of primary lesion with below qualities:
- lesion is raised
- measures less than 1 cm
- contents are fluid (clear, serous, or hemorrhagic)
- dome-shaped or flaccid
- roof: often thin
- arise from cleavage at the superficial level
ex: varicella zoster

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7
Q

Bulla (Bullae)

A

type of primary lesion with below qualities:
- lesion is raised
- lesion measures greater than or equal to 1 cm
- contents are fluid (clear, serous, or hemorrhagic)
ex: bullous pemphigoid

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8
Q

Pustule

A

type of primary lesion with below qualities:
- lesion is raised
- lesion measures less than 1 cm
- contents are fluid (pus)
- superficial
ex: insect bite

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9
Q

Erosion

A

type of primary lesion with below qualities:
- lesion is depressed
- can measure any size
- no contents
- focal loss of epidermal tissue (but NO dermis loss)
- heals without scarring
- seen in some inflammatory conditions
- erosions may be secondary lesions (ex: bulla that popped)

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10
Q

Ulceration

A

type of primary lesion with below qualities:
- lesion is depressed
- measures to any size
- no contents
- loss of epidermis and at least a portion of the dermis
- deeper than an erosion due to loss of epidermis and dermis (sometimes subcutaneous tissue as well)
- leaves a scar
- ulcers may be secondary lesions

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11
Q

Wheal

A

type of primary lesion with below qualities:
- circumscribed
- irregular size and shape that can change
- transient (lasts less than 48 hrs usually)
- produced by cutaneous edema
- red to pale in color
- frequently itchy
ex: urticaria (hives) involves wheals!

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12
Q

Ecchymosis

A

type of primary lesion with below qualities:
- usually referred to as a bruise
- can be multiple colors
- size: > 3mm
- due to blood leaving the vessels
- does not blanch when pressure is applied

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13
Q

Petechiae

A

type of primary lesion with below qualities:
- deep red/reddish purple in color
- size: 1-3 mm
- round and flat
- can occur on mucous membranes too
- due to blood leaving vessels
- do not blanch when pressure is applied

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14
Q

Purpura

A

type of primary lesion with below qualities:
- deep red/reddish purple in color
- size: larger than petechiae
- can be irregularly shaped
- may be palpable
- due to blood leaving vessels
- does not blanch when pressure is applied

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15
Q

Scale

A

type of secondary lesion with below qualities:
- excessive accumulation of stratum corneum
- flakes: can be large, tiny, adherent, or loose but normal with this type of lesion
ex: psoriasis

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16
Q

Crust

A

type of secondary lesion with below qualities:
- dried exudate of body fluids
- serous crust: yellow
- hemorrhagic crust: red/black
ex: impetigo

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17
Q

Lichenification

A

type of secondary lesion with below qualities:
- distinctive skin thickening
- accentuated skin-fold markings
- result of chronic scratching/rubbing
ex: eczema

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18
Q

Erosion & Ulcer

A

two similar types of secondary lesions:
erosion: a bulla that unroofs
ulcer: a nodule that ulcerates

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19
Q

Excoriation

A

type of secondary lesion with below qualities:
- linear, angular erosion
- may be covered by crust
- caused by scratching

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20
Q

Scar

A

type of secondary lesion with below qualities:
- skin change secondary to trauma/inflammation (fibrous tissue)
- may be erythematous
- may be hypopigmented
- may be hyperpigmented
- hair follicles may be destroyed

21
Q

Atrophy

A

type of secondary lesion w/below qualities:
- an acquired loss of substance
- example: loss of epidermis -> leads to shiny quality of skin with “cigarette paper” wrinkling
- example: loss of the dermis or subcutaneous tissue, depressed lesion
- underlying vessels may be revealed

22
Q

Fissure

A

type of secondary lesion w/below qualities:
- linear lesion (crack)
- skin or mucosa could be damaged
- result of excessive tension or decreased elasticity of the tissue

23
Q

Number of Lesions

A

always address and count the number of lesions on a PE (as long as not too many)

24
Q

Size of Lesion

A
  • measure lesion w/a ruler during PE
  • use mm or cm depending on size
  • if lesion is opal shaped: measure long axis first and then measure the perpendicular axis to the long axis
  • if there are multiple lesions, note range in size between lesions
25
Q

Shape of lesion

A

the shape of a lesion can be defined by many terms including the following:
- circular
- oval
- annular
- nummular
- polygonal
- arcuate
- reticular
- serpiginous

26
Q

Annular

A

used to describe a lesion that is:
- ring-like with a central clearing
- color/texture is more prominent at the edge

27
Q

Nummular

A

used to describe a lesion that is:
- coin-like, with no central clearing

28
Q

Polygonal

A

used to describe a lesion that is:
- varied, non-geometric shape

29
Q

Arcuate

A

used to describe a lesion that is:
- arc-shaped; result of incomplete formation of annular lesion

30
Q

Reticular

A

used to describe a lesion that is:
- net-like or lacy

31
Q

Serpiginous

A

used to describe a lesion that is:
- serpentine or snake-like

32
Q

Color of Lesion

A

make sure to mark the color of the lesions you are looking at during a PE
- color of lesions varies wildly
- lesions can be red, purple, brown, black, or tan just depends on the type

33
Q

Texture of Lesion

A

palpate the lesion during the PE to determine its texture; texture usually is like:
- smooth
- fleshy
- verrucous/warty
- scaly (either fine (dry), hyperkeratotic (hard/crusty), or greasy)

34
Q

Location/Distribution of lesion

A

make sure to mark during the PE where you saw the lesions and how they are distributed aka what region of body and where
- for ex, say “axilla” over armpit to describe a lesion there

35
Q

Photodistributed Lesion

A

lesions only located on sun-exposed areas

36
Q

Acral

A

lesions only located on distal locations of body (hands, feet, wrists, ankles, etc.)

37
Q

Truncal

A

lesions only located on the trunk of the body

38
Q

Extensor vs Flexor Surfaces

A

lesions located on areas that are frequently flexed or extended where regions of the body are touching and creating friction, sweat, etc.

39
Q

Intertriginous

A

lesions located within skin folds

40
Q

Generalized

A

located all over the body w/no particular pattern

41
Q

Localized

A

lesions are located in a specific area of the body

42
Q

Symmetric

A

lesions are located symmetrically on the body

43
Q

Asymmetric

A

lesions are located asymmetrically on the body

44
Q

Discrete

A

lesions are located in small areas scattered across the body

45
Q

Grouped

A

lesions are grouped in bundles across the body

46
Q

Coalescing

A

lesions are existing together in large groups in one area of body

47
Q

Cleavage Plane

A

lesions located across cleavages of body

48
Q

Configuration of Lesions

A

note during the PE the pattern of th lesions and how they are arranged in relation to one another

49
Q

Classic Features of Lesions

A

if lesions are pathognomonic for a particular diagnosis, include that in your description (PE documentation)
- use buzz words
ex: “Christmas tree distribution, grouped vesicles on an erythematous base,” etc.

MPAS '25 Dermatology Class (1 decks)

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