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Ultrasound Physics > Describing Sound Waves > Flashcards

Describing Sound Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

describes features of a sound wave

A

parameters

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2
Q

seven parameters that describe sound waves

A 
period 
frequency
amplitude
power
intensity
wavelength
speed
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3
Q

time it takes for a wave to vibrate a single cycle

time from start of one cycle to the start of the next cycle

A

period

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4
Q

number of particular events that occur in a specific duration of time

A

frequency

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5
Q

source of a sound wave

A

ultrasound system and transducer

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6
Q

tissue through which sound is traveling

A

medium

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7
Q 
Period
Units?
Typical values?
Determined by?
Adjustable?
A

units of time
0.06 - 0.05 microseconds
sound source only
no

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8
Q 
Frequency
Units?
Typical values?
Determined by?
Adjustable?
A

units per second, Hz, hertz
2 - 15 megahertz
sound source
no

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9
Q

frequency of infrasound

A

less than 20 Hz

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10
Q

frequency of audible sound

A

between 20 Hz and 20 kHz

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11
Q

frequency of ultrasound

A

greater than 20 kHz

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12
Q

What is the relationship between period and frequency?

A

inversely related

reciprocals

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13
Q

the 3 bigness parameters

A

intensity
power
amplitude

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14
Q 
Amplitude 
Units?
Typical values?
Determined by?
Adjustable?
A

units of pressure (pascals), density (g/cm3), or distance (cm, in)
1 - 3 MPa
sound source
yes

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15
Q

measured from the baseline to the maximum or minimum value

difference between max value and undisturbed value of an acoustic variable

A

amplitude

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16
Q

difference between max and minimum values of an acoustic variable
2x the amplitude

A

peak-to-peak amplitude

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17
Q 
Power
Units?
Typical values?
Determined by?
Adjustable?
A

watts
4 to 90 milliwatts
source
yes

18
Q

how are amplitude and power related

A

power is proportional to amplitude squared

19
Q 
Intensity
Units?
Typical values?
Determined by?
Adjustable?
A

W/cm2
0.01 - 300 W/cm2
sound source
yes

20
Q

how do we calculate intensity (w/cm2)

A

power (w) / area (cm2)

21
Q

How is intensity related to power?

A

directly related

22
Q

how is intensity related to amplitude?

A

intensity is directly related to amplitude squared

23
Q 
Wavelength
Units?
Typical values?
Determined by?
Adjustable?
A

units of length
0.1 - 0.8 mm
source and medium
no

24
Q

What are the similarities / differences between wavelength and period?

A

they both describe a single cycle in a sound wave
period refers to the time it takes to complete a single cycle
wavelength refers to the length or distance of a single cycle

25
Q

What is the relationship between wavelength and frequency?

A

inverse

26
Q

Formula used to find the wavelength of a sound wave in soft tissue.

A

wavelength = 1.54 / frequency

27
Q

Why is wavelength important in diagnostic ultrasound?

A

shorter wavelengths are greater by high frequencies (high quality image)
sonographers should try to use high frequency transducers for this reason

28
Q 
Speed
Units?
Typical values?
Determined by?
Adjustable?
A

mm/us or any distance/time
500 to 4000 m/s
medium
no

29
Q

speed in soft tissue

A

1.54 mm/us
1540 m/s
1.54 km/s

30
Q

speed of sound formula

A

speed = frequency x wavelength

31
Q

2 characteristics that determine the speed of sound in a medium

A

stiffness

density

32
Q

ability of an object to resist compression

A

stiffness

33
Q

relative weight of a material

A

density

34
Q

How does stiffness affect speed?

A

directly related

35
Q

How does density affect speed?

A

inversely related

36
Q

another term for stiffness

A

bulk modulus

37
Q

2 words that describe the opposite of stiff

A

elasticity

compressibility

38
Q

rate of energy transfer or the rate at which work is performed

A

power

39
Q

concentration of energy in a sound beam

A

intensity

40
Q

distance or length of one complete cycle

A

wavelength

Ultrasound Physics (24 decks)

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