Describing Matter

Question 1

Define Matter

Answer 1

anything that has mass and volume

Question 2

Group

Answer 2

a column of elements (there are 18)

Question 3

Periods

Answer 3

a row of elements (there are 7 rows)

Question 4

Metals

Answer 4

left of the staircase

Question 5

nonmetals

Answer 5

right of the staircase

Question 6

metalloids

Answer 6

touch the staircase

Question 7

transition metals

Answer 7

21-30 39-48 57-80 89 104-109

Question 8

law of definite proportions

Answer 8

compounds occur in definite properties (CO2 is always 1CO2)

Question 9

Law of Conservation of mass

Answer 9

Matter is neither created nor destroyed

Question 10

Who discovered atomic theory and when

Answer 10

John Dalton in 1803

Question 11

Atomic Theory

Answer 11

All matter is composed. of:
Atoms of the same elements are exactly alike and atoms of different elements are different
Atoms cannot be: subdivided, created, or destroyed
Compounds are formed by joining atoms of two or more elements: in simple whole number ratios
In chemical reactions atoms are combined, separated or rearranged

Question 12

Identify parts of an atom

Answer 12

Protons-positive
Neautrons-neutral
Electrons-negative
Quarks-smaller particles and come in six forms

Question 13

Isotopes

Answer 13

Atoms that have the same # of protons, but differ in their neutrons

Question 14

Atom to Mole

Answer 14

6.02 x 10^23

Question 15

Ion

Answer 15

When an atom gains or loses an electron (a charged atom)

Question 16

A negative Ion

Answer 16

anion

Question 17

A positive ion

Answer 17

cation

Question 18

What forms do quarks come in

Answer 18

two are “up” (charge of +2/3) or “down” (charge of -1/3)

Question 19

How do quarks make a proton

Answer 19

UUD (2/3+2/3-1/3=3/3=+1 charge)

Question 20

Democritus

Answer 20

400 BC Philospher, called smalliest particle “Atoms” (found atoms)

Question 21

12th century alchemists goals:

Answer 21

turn metals into gold
elixir of life
universal solvent

Question 22

20th century

Answer 22

discovered atoms consist of charged components-positive and negative

Question 23

JJ. Thomson

Answer 23

discovered electrons in 1897 and developed the “Plum Pudding Model”
thought electrons were randomly placed throughout the atom

Question 24

Who did the gold foil experiment and disproved J.J. Thomson theory

Answer 24

Ernest Rutherford

Question 25

What happened during the gold foil experiment

Question 26

Rutherford’s two conclusions

Answer 26

The atom is mostly empty space
Protons are densely packed (with neutrons) in the center of the atom

Question 27

Parts of an atom (their mass and charge)

Answer 27

Proton-1 amu positive +1
Neutron-1 amu neutral 0
Electron-1/2000 amu negative -1
atomic mass unit (1.66x10^-24)

Question 28

How do protons stick together

Answer 28

u and d quarks have opposite “color charges”
color charge is different and much stronger than electrical charge
the force “strong force” is one of the four forces in nature

Question 29

Nuclear Reactions

Answer 29

changes that occur in the nucleus
a. fusion- two small nuclei combine and form one large nucleus releasing large amounts of energy (occurs in sun and stars)
b. fission-one large atom splits into 2+ smaller atoms releasing a large amount of energy (occurs in unstable atoms at a constant rate on earth, used in power plants)

Question 30

whats a mole

Answer 30

a number that provides a bridge between our world and the atomic world

Question 31

gas to liquid

Answer 31

condensation

Question 32

liquid to solid

Answer 32

freezing

Question 33

solid to gas

Answer 33

sublimation

Question 34

gas to solid

Answer 34

deposition

Question 35

solid to liquid

Answer 35

fussion or melting

Question 36

liquid to gas

Answer 36

vaporization