Describe the structure of the musculoskeletal system Flashcards
Discuss the types of bones
The skeletal system serves many important functions; it provides the shape and form for the body, support and protection, allows bodily movement, produces blood for the body, and stores minerals.
There are 5 different types of bones:
long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, and sesamoid bones.
Discuss the two divisions of the skeletal system
The axial skeleton, which includes the vertebral column, and the appendicular skeleton.
Axial skeleton: Protects and supports internal organs and participates in vital functions such as respiration.
Appendicular skeleton: consists of the bones of the limbs and the supporting elements or girdles that connects them to the trunk. It provides you with the ability to move and complete every day tasks to interact with your environment.
The pectoral gridle and upper limbs:
It consist of two s-shaped clavicle bones that attach to two broad flat scapulae. The medial anterior end of the clavicles articulate with the manubrium of the sternum. These are the only direct connections that are between the pectoral girdle and axial skeleton.
Humerous, Ulna and radius, carpal (wrist) and metacarpal (hand) bones.
The pelvic girdle and lower limbs: The pelvic girdle consists of the paired hipbones, which are called the ossa coxae, which is formed of the fusion of three bones. Ilium, ischium and the pubis. The pelvic girdle attaches to the axial skeleton. Anteriorly the medial surfaces of the hipbones are interconnected by a pad of fibrocartillage at a joint called the pubis symphysis. The acetabulum is a curved socket that articulated the head of the femur.
Women have a much greater pubic angle than men or 100 degrees or more whereas men are 90 degrees or less.
Each lower limb consist of femur (longest and heaviest bone in the body), the patella, the tibia and fibula and the bones of the ankle and foot (tarsal bones).
The femur articulates with the os coxae at the hip joint and with the tibia of the leg at the knee joint. The femural head articulates with the pelvis at the acetabulum
Marks/ ridges and dips in the bones show where there blood/lymphatic/nerve fibres and vessels are positioned.
Read through the book for more info but don’t want to just re-write it all out here.
Discuss the two divisions of the skeletal system
The axial skeleton, which includes the vertebral column, and the appendicular skeleton.
Axial skeleton:The human axial skeleton consists of 80 different bones. composed of six parts; the skull bones, the ossicles of the middle ear, the hyoid bone, the rib cage, sternum and the vertebral column.
Appendicular skeleton: is the portion of the skeleton of vertebrates consisting of the bones that support the appendages.
Discuss the structure of the different types of bones
The epiphysis is the rounded end of a long bone, at its joint with adjacent bone(s). Between the epiphysis and diaphysis (the long midsection of the long bone) lies the metaphysis, including the epiphyseal plate (growth plate).
What are the types of cells in bones?
Osteocytes: Mature bone cells that maintain the bone matrix
Osteoblasts: Immature bone cell that secretes organic components of matrix
Osteoprogenitor cells: stem cell whose divisions produce osteoblasts
Osteoclasts:
Multinucleate cell that secretes acids and enzymes to dissolve bone matrix. These cells regulate the concentration of calcium and phosphate in body fluids through osteolysis/ resorption.
