Describe in recognised anatomical terminology the different regions of the body, different planes of the body and different positions in relation to each other Flashcards
What position is ‘medial’?
Closer to the median sagittal plane/the midline
What is flexion of the ankle also known as?
Plantarflexion
What is adduction?
movement of the limbs towards the medial sagittal plane
Where is the distal part of the lower limb?
near the feet
What movements are these?
What position is ‘superior’?
above another structure/towards the head
Which plane is this?
transverse/axial horizontal
Describe the standard anatomical position (5)
- head directed forwards
- body upright, legs together, feet facing forwards
- arms by side of body, palms facing forwards, thumbs laterally
- penis erect
What is eversion?
turning the sole of the foot outwards, away from the midline
What plane is this?
sagittal
What position is ‘posterior’?
behind another structure/towards the back of the body
What movements are these?
What position is ‘superficial’?
closer to the body surface (eg. skin)
What position is ‘lateral’?
further away from the medial sagittal plane/midline
What is rotation?
movement of a part of the body around its long axis
What is lateral rotation in the lower and upper limb?
- Lower: twists the foot outwards (like a penguin)
- Upper: takes the wrist out of the body (like showing someone out)
What is flexion?
- bending the body and pulling everything in from the anatomical position.
- for most of the body, flexion brings the distal portion of the joint anteriorly
What is medial rotation in the lower and upper limb?
- Lower: twists the foot inwards
- Upper: moves the wrist into the body
What is plane is the midline?
sagittal
What is pronation?
median rotation of the forearm causing the palm to face posteriorly (downwards)
What 6 regions is the upper limb divided into?
- shoulder
- arm
- elbow
- forearm
- wrist/carpus
- hand
Where is the proximal part of the arm?
near the shoulder
What is inversion?
turning the sole of the foot inwards, towards the midline
What position is ‘ipsilateral’?
the same side of the body
What position is ‘contralateral’?
the opposite side of the body
What is circumduction?
a combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction
What is the parasagittal plane?
plane parallel to the sagittal plane, splitting the body into unequal parts
What is the transverse or axial horizontal plane?
These planes pass horizontally through the body, splitting it into an upper and lower portion
What is extension?
A backward movement where there is an increase in the angle between two body parts. straightening limbs
What position is ‘deep’?
further away from the body surface/hidden beneath other tissue (eg. bones)
What position is ‘distal’?
further away from the trunk or origin/the further a limb is to its attachment
What 5 regions is the lower limb split into?
- thigh
- knee
- leg
- ankle
- foot
What is the coronal plane?
verticle planes passing from right to left, dividing the body into front and back portions
What position is ‘inferior’?
below another structure/towards the feet
What is the sagittal plane?
a verticle place passing through the midline of the body from the head to the feet
What is extension of the ankle also known as?
dorsiflexion
What movements are these?
Which plane is this?
coronal
What is this movement called?
circumduction
What position is ‘anterior’?
In front of another structure/towards the front of the body
What movements are these?
What position is ‘proximal’?
closer to the trunk or origin/the closer a limb is to its attachment on the body
What is supination?
lateral rotation of the forearm causing the palm to face anteriorly (upwards)
What movements are these?
What movements are these?
What is abduction?
movement of the limbs away from the body and away from the midline
