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AZ900 > Describe Core Azure Services > Flashcards

Describe Core Azure Services Flashcards

1
Q

NB: What is a region? (2)

A

a geographical AREA containing at least one, but potentially multiple DATACENTRES
that are nearby and NETWORKED together with a low-latency network.

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2
Q

What are special Azure regions? (1)

A

Used when building out your applications for COMPLIANCE or LEGAL purposes

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3
Q

What are the four Azure geographies? (4)

A

Americas
Europe
Asia Pacific
Middle East and Africa

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4
Q

What are the benefits of Azure geographies? (3)

A

Data residency and compliance needs - both access for customers and from legal/compliance POV
Fault-tolerant to withstand complete region failure

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5
Q

NB: What is an availability zone?

A

Availability Zones are PHYSICALLY SEPARATE datacenters with independent power, cooling, and networking within an Azure region.
ISOLATION boundary - redundancy
CONNECTIVITY - high-speed, private fiber-optic networks

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6
Q

Describe the Azure services that support Availability Zones (2)

A

Zonal services – you pin the resource to a specific zone (for example, virtual machines, managed disks, IP addresses)

Zone-redundant services – platform replicates automatically across zones (for example, zone-redundant storage, SQL Database).

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7
Q

What is a region pair? (2)

A

Each region paired with another region
within same geography
at least 300 miles away

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8
Q

Advantages of regions pairs (3)

A

In extensive OUTAGE, one in every pair is prioritised for restore ASAP
Planned Azure UPDATES rolled out to paired regions one at a time
Data RESIDES within same geography as its pair

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9
Q

Describe Azure Resource Manager (2)

A

Azure Resource Manager is the deployment and management SERVICE for Azure. It provides a management layer that enables you to create, update, and delete RESOURCES in your Azure account.

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10
Q

NB: Compute: Describe Azure Virtual Machines (1)

A

on-demand, scalable computing resources

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11
Q

NB: Compute: Azure Virtual Machine Scale Sets (1)

A

Scaling for Windows or Linux VMs hosted in Azure

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12
Q

Compute: Azure Kubernetes Service (1)

Docker vs container

A

ORCHESTRATION - Container orchestration service
CONTAINER - used to deploy, scale and manage Docker containers and container-based applications in a cluster environment

Docker is a standalone software that can be installed on any computer to run containerized applications. Containerization is an approach of running applications on an OS such that the application is isolated from the rest of the system. You create an illusion for your application that it is getting its very own OS instance, although there may be other containers running on same system. Docker is what enables us to run, create and manage containers on a single operating system.

Kubernetes turns it up to 11, so to speak. If you have Docker installed on a bunch of hosts (different operating systems), you can leverage Kubernetes. These nodes, or Docker hosts, can be bare-metal servers or virtual machines. Kubernetes can then allow you to automate container provisioning, networking, load-balancing, security and scaling across all these nodes from a single command line or dashboard. A collection of nodes that is managed by a single Kubernetes instance is referred to as a Kubernetes cluster.

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13
Q

Compute: Azure Service Fabric (1)

A

Distributed systems platform that makes it easy to package, deploy, and manage scalable and reliable microservices and containers.

Runs in Azure or on-premises

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14
Q

Compute: Azure Batch (1)

A

Managed service for parallel and high-performance computing applications

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15
Q

Compute: Azure Container Instances (1)

A

Run containerized apps on Azure without provisioning servers or VMs

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16
Q

NB: Compute: Azure Functions (1)

A

EVENT-DRIVEN - An event-driven, serverless compute service

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17
Q

NB: What is an app service?

A

Managed hosting service for web apps and mobile back-ends.
HTTP-based service
Without managing infrastructure

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18
Q

NB: What is the MS Azure Marketplace?

A

Online store that hosts apps that are certified and optimised to run in Azure

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19
Q

What is Azure?

A

Azure is Microsoft’s cloud computing platform.
CONTINUALLY EXPANDING - Azure is a continually expanding set of cloud services that help your organization meet your current and future business challenges.
FREEDOOMMM - Azure gives you the freedom to build, manage, and deploy applications on a massive global network using your favorite tools and frameworks.

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20
Q

What is cloud computing?

A

PAYG / RENT - Cloud computing is the delivery of computing services over the Internet using a pay-as-you-go pricing model. Put another way; it’s a way to rent compute power and storage from someone else’s data center.

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21
Q

NB: Azure Virtual Network

A

Connects VMs to incoming Virtual Private Network (VPN) connections

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22
Q

Azure Load Balancer

A

Balances inbound and outbound connections to applications or service endpoints

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23
Q

NB: Azure Application Gateway

A

WEB TRAFFIC LB - web traffic load balancer that enables you to manage traffic to your web applications.

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24
Q

NB: Azure VPN Gateway

A

S2S - Connects your on-premises networks to Azure through Site-to-Site VPNs
vNets - Accesses Azure Virtual Networks through high-performance VPN gateways
Uses the industry-standard protocols Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) and Internet Key Exchange (IKE)

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25
Q

Azure DNS

A

FAST - provides ultra-fast DNS responses

AVAILABILITY - ultra-high domain availability

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26
Q

NB: Azure Content Delivery Network

A

Lets you reduce load times, save bandwidth, and speed responsiveness—whether you’re developing or managing websites

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27
Q

Azure DDoS Protection

A

Protects Azure-hosted applications from distributed denial of service (DDOS) attacks

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28
Q

Azure Traffic Manager

A

Distributes network traffic across Azure regions worldwide

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29
Q

Azure ExpressRoute

A

Connects to Azure over high-bandwidth dedicated secure connections

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30
Q

Azure Network Watcher

A

Monitors and diagnoses network issues using scenario-based analysis

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31
Q

Azure Firewall

A

HA and SCALABLE

Implements high-security, high-availability firewall with unlimited scalability

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32
Q

Azure Virtual WAN

A

Creates a unified wide area network (WAN), connecting local and remote sites

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33
Q

NB: Azure Blob storage

A

LARGE - Storage service for very large objects, such as video files or bitmaps

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34
Q

NB: Azure File storage

A

File shares that you can access and manage like a file server

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35
Q

Azure Queue storage

A

A data store for queuing and reliably delivering messages between applications

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36
Q

Azure Table storage

A

A NoSQL store that hosts unstructured data independent of any schema

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37
Q

These services (Network/Compute/Storage all share several common characteristics:

A

DURABLE and highly available with redundancy and replication.
SECURE through automatic encryption and role-based access control.
SCALABLE with virtually unlimited storage.
MANAGED, handling maintenance and any critical problems for you.
ACCESSIBLE from anywhere in the world over HTTP or HTTPS.

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38
Q

Mobile backend services - what has changed?

A

Azure enables developers to create mobile backend services for iOS, Android, and Windows apps quickly and easily.
Features that used to take time and increase project risks, such as adding corporate sign-in and then connecting to on-premises resources such as SAP, Oracle, SQL Server, and SharePoint, are now simple to include.

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39
Q

NB: Azure Cosmos DB

A

Globally distributed NoSQL (semi-structured data) Database service
Schema-less
Multiple APIs (SQL, MongoDB, Cassandra, Gremlin, Table Storage)
Designed for
- Highly responsive (real time) applications with super low latency responses <10ms
- Multi-regional applications

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40
Q

NB: Azure SQL Database

A

Reliable relational database based on SQL Server

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41
Q

NB: Azure Database for MySQL

A

Azure SQL version for MySQL database engine

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42
Q

NB: Azure Database for PostgreSQL

A

Azure SQL version for PostgreSQL database engine

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43
Q

SQL Server on VMs

A

Fully fledged SQL Server on IaaS

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44
Q

Azure Synapse Analytics

A

Azure SQL DW (Synapse) – Massively Parallel Processing (MPP) version of SQL Server

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45
Q

NB: Azure Database Migration Service

A

DATABASES - Migrates your databases to the cloud with no application code changes

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46
Q

Azure Cache for Redis

A

DATABASES - Caches frequently used and static data to reduce data and application latency

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47
Q

Azure Database for MariaDB

A

DATABASES - Fully managed and scalable MariaDB relational database with high availability and security

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48
Q

Azure App Service

A

WEB - Quickly create powerful cloud web-based apps

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49
Q

Azure Notification Hubs

A

WEB - Send push notifications to any platform from any back end.

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50
Q

Azure API Management

A

WEB - Publish APIs to developers, partners, and employees securely and at scale.

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51
Q

Azure Cognitive Search

A

WEB - Fully managed search as a service.

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52
Q

Web Apps feature of Azure App Service

A

WEB - Create and deploy mission-critical web apps at scale.

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53
Q

Azure SignalR Service

A

WEB - Add real-time web functionalities easily.

54
Q

NB: IoT Central

A

SaaS - IoT App Platform
Industry specific app templates
No deep technical knowledge required
Service for connecting, management and monitoring IoT devices
Highly secure, scalable and reliable
Built on top of the IoT Hub service and 30+ other services

55
Q

NB: Azure IoT Hub

A

PaaS
Managed service for bi-directional communication
Highly secure, scalable and reliable
Integrates with a lot of Azure Services
Programmable SDKs for popular languages (C, C#, Java, Python, Node.js)
Multiple protocols (HTTPS, AMQP, MQTT)

56
Q

IoT Edge

A

Push your data analysis models directly onto your IoT devices, allowing them to react quickly to state changes without needing to consult cloud-based AI models.

57
Q

NB: Azure Synapse Analytics
Multiple components (4)
Pools vs on-demand

A 
Big data analytics platform (PaaS)
Multiple components
- Spark
- Synapse SQL
- > SQL pools (dedicated – pay for provisioned performance)
- > SQL on-demand (ad-hoc – pay for TB processed)
- Synapse Pipelines (Data Factory – ETL)
- Studio (unified experience)
58
Q

NB: Azure HDInsight

A

Flexible multi-purpose big data platform (PaaS)
Multiple technologies supported (Hadoop, Spark, Kafka, HBase, Hive, Storm, Machine Learning)
Open-source enterprise-level analytics service that provides for fast and cost-effective processing of massive amounts of data.

59
Q

NB: Azure Databricks

A

Big data collaboration platform (PaaS)
Unified workspace for notebook, cluster, data, access management and collaboration
Based on Apache Spark
Integrates very well with common Azure data services

60
Q

NB: Big Data typical characteristics

A 
Velocity - how fast the data is coming in or how fast we are processing it
- Batch
- Periodic
- Near Real Time
- Real Time
Volume - how much data we are processing
- Megabytes
- Gigabyte
- Terabytes
- Gigabytes
Variety - how structured/complex the data is
- Tables
- Databases
- Photo, Audio
- Video, Social Media
61
Q

NB: Artificial Intelligence

A

MACHINE LEARNING - AI is based around a broad range of services, the core of which is Machine Learning.

FORECASTING - Machine Learning is a data science technique that allows computers to use existing data to forecast future behaviors, outcomes, and trends. Using machine learning, computers learn without being explicitly programmed.

Forecasts or predictions from machine learning can make apps and devices smarter. For example, when you shop online, machine learning helps recommend other products you might like based on what you’ve purchased. Or when your credit card is swiped, machine learning compares the transaction to a database of transactions and helps detect fraud. And when your robot vacuum cleaner vacuums a room, machine learning helps it decide whether the job is done.

62
Q

NB: Azure Machine Learning Service

A

AI - Cloud-based environment you can use to develop, train, test, deploy, manage, and track machine learning models. It can auto-generate a model and auto-tune it for you. It will let you start training on your local machine, and then scale out to the cloud

63
Q

NB: Azure Machine Learning Studio

A

AI - Collaborative, drag-and-drop visual workspace where you can build, test, and deploy machine learning solutions using pre-built machine learning algorithms and data-handling modules

64
Q

Cognitive services (closely related to big data)

A

These are pre-built APIs you can leverage in your applications to solve complex problems.

65
Q

Vision

A

COGNITIVE SERVICES - Image-processing algorithms to smartly identify, caption, index, and moderate your pictures and videos.

66
Q

Speech

A

COGNITIVE SERVICES - Convert spoken audio into text, use voice for verification, or add speaker recognition to your app.

67
Q

Knowledge mapping

A

COGNITIVE SERVICES - Map complex information and data in order to solve tasks such as intelligent recommendations and semantic search.

68
Q

Bing Search

A

COGNITIVE SERVICES - Add Bing Search APIs to your apps and harness the ability to comb billions of webpages, images, videos, and news with a single API call.

69
Q

Natural Language processing

A

COGNITIVE SERVICES - Allow your apps to process natural language with pre-built scripts, evaluate sentiment and learn how to recognize what users want.

70
Q

DevOps

A

CONTINUOUS - DevOps (Development and Operations) brings together people, processes, and technology, automating software delivery to provide continuous value to your users.

71
Q

NB: Azure DevOps

A

Azure DevOps Services (formerly known as Visual Studio Team Services, or VSTS), provides development collaboration tools including high-performance pipelines, free private Git repositories, configurable Kanban boards, and extensive automated and cloud-based load testing

72
Q

NB: Azure DevTest Labs

A

Quickly create on-demand Windows and Linux environments you can use to test or demo your applications directly from your deployment pipelines

73
Q

What is an App Service?

A

AGNOSTIC - Azure App Service is an HTTP-based service that enables you to build and host many types of web-based solutions without managing infrastructure.

74
Q

What is scale?

A

Scale refers to adding network bandwidth, memory, storage, or compute power to achieve better performance.

Scaling up, or vertical scaling means to increase the memory, storage, or compute power on an existing virtual machine. For example, you can add additional memory to a web or database server to make it run faster.

Scaling out, or horizontal scaling means to add extra virtual machines to power your application. For example, you might create many virtual machines configured in exactly the same way and use a load balancer to distribute work across them.

75
Q

What is Azure Cloud Shell?

A

Azure Cloud Shell is a browser-based command-line experience for managing and developing Azure resources. Think of Cloud Shell as an interactive console that you run in the cloud.

Cloud Shell provides two experiences to choose from, Bash and PowerShell. Both include access to the Azure command-line interface called Azure CLI and to Azure PowerShell.

76
Q

Azure tools and platforms (4)

A

Azure portal for interacting with Azure via a Graphical User Interface (GUI)
Azure PowerShell and Azure Command-Line Interface (CLI) for command line and automation-based interactions with Azure
Azure Cloud Shell for a web-based command-line interface
Azure mobile app for monitoring and managing your resources from your mobile device

77
Q

NB: Azure Portal (2)

A

The Azure portal is a public website that you can access with any web browser. Once you sign in with your Azure account, you can create, manage, and monitor any available Azure services.

Not automated.

78
Q

NB: NB: Azure PowerShell (2)

A

Azure PowerShell is a module that you can install for Windows PowerShell or PowerShell Core, which is a cross-platform version of PowerShell that runs on Windows, Linux, or macOS.

Azure PowerShell enables you to connect to your Azure subscription and manage resources.

79
Q

NB: Azure CLI

A

cross-platform command-line program that connects to Azure and executes administrative commands on Azure resources.

80
Q

NB: Azure Cloud Shell

A

Azure Cloud Shell is an interactive, authenticated, browser-accessible shell for managing Azure resources. It provides the flexibility of choosing the shell experience that best suits the way you work, either Bash or PowerShell.

81
Q

Azure mobile app (1)

A

The Microsoft Azure mobile app allows you to access, manage, and monitor all your Azure accounts and resources from your iOS or Android phone or tablet.

82
Q

NB: Azure Advisor (2)

A

Free service built into Azure that provides recommendations on high availability, security, performance, operational excellence, and cost.

Advisor analyzes your deployed services and looks for ways to improve your environment across those areas.

83
Q

What is Azure compute? (2)

A

ON DEMAND - Azure compute is an on-demand computing service for running cloud-based applications
SERVERLESS - also provides serverless computing to run apps without requiring infrastructure setup or configuration.

84
Q

There are four common techniques for performing compute in Azure? (4)

A

Virtual machines
Containers
Azure App Service
Serverless computing

85
Q

What are virtual machines? (3)

A

EMULATION - virtual machines, or VMs, are software emulations of physical computers.
They include a virtual processor, memory, storage, and networking resources.
HOST OS - they host an operating system (OS), and you’re able to install and run software just like a physical computer.
RDP - and by using a remote desktop client, you can use and control the virtual machine as if you were sitting in front of it.

86
Q

NB: What are containers? (3)

A

OS - Virtualisation environment for running apps but unlike VMs, containers don’t include an operating system for the apps running inside the container.
Instead, containers bundle the libraries and components needed to run the application and use the existing host OS running the container.

For example, if five containers are running on a server with a specific Linux kernel, all five containers and the apps within them share that same Linux kernel.

87
Q

What is Azure App Service?

A

PaaS - Azure App Service is a platform-as-a-service (PaaS) offering in Azure that is designed to host enterprise-grade web-oriented applications.

You can meet rigorous performance, scalability, security, and compliance requirements while using a fully managed platform to perform infrastructure maintenance.

88
Q

NB: What is Serverless Computing?

A

ABSTRACTION OF HOST - Serverless computing is a cloud-hosted execution environment that runs your code but completely abstracts the underlying hosting environment.

NO INFRA CONFIG - you create an instance of the service, and you add your code; no infrastructure configuration or maintenance is required, or even allowed.

89
Q

What makes VMs the ideal choice? (3)

A

CONTROL - Total control over the operating system (OS)
CUSTOMx2 - The ability to run custom software, or
To use custom hosting configurations

90
Q

Scaling VMs in Azure (3)

A

Availability sets
Virtual Machine Scale Sets
Azure Batch

91
Q

What are availability sets?

A

TWO or MORE VMs - an availability set is a logical grouping of two or more VMs that help keep your application available during planned or unplanned maintenance.

92
Q

What is a planned maintenance event? (1)

A

MS UPDATE - A planned maintenance event is when the underlying Azure fabric that hosts VMs is updated by Microsoft.

93
Q

What are update domains? (1)

A

Update domains indicate groups of VMs and underlying physical hardware that can be rebooted at the same time.
Availability set would dictate that the VMs within it are not updated at the same time.

94
Q

What is an unplanned maintenance event? (1)

A

Unplanned maintenance events involve a hardware failure in the data center, such as a server power outage or disk failure.

95
Q

What are fault domains? (1)

A

A fault domain is essentially a rack of servers. It provides the physical separation of your workload across different power, cooling, and network hardware that support the physical servers in the data center server racks.

96
Q

How many fault and update domains with availability set? (2)

A

Up to three fault domains that each have a server rack with dedicated power and network resources
Five logical update domains which then can be increased to a maximum of 20

97
Q

What are virtual machine scale sets? (2)

A

HA - Scale sets allow you to centrally manage, configure, and update a large number of VMs in minutes to provide highly available applications.

AUTOMATIC - The number of VM instances can automatically increase or decrease in response to demand or a defined schedule

98
Q

What is Azure Batch? (1)

A

LARGE-SCALE - Azure Batch enables large-scale job scheduling and compute management with the ability to scale to tens, hundreds, or thousands of VMs.

99
Q

Azure Container Instances (3)

A

FAST - Fastest and simplest way to run a container in Azure
NO HOST CONFIG - You don’t have to manage any virtual machines or configure any additional services
PaaS - It is a PaaS offering that allows you to upload your containers and execute them directly with automatic elastic scale.

100
Q

NB: Azure Kubernetes Service (3)

A

ORCHESTRATION of LARGE NUMBER - The task of automating, managing, and interacting with a large number of containers is known as orchestration.

Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS) is a complete orchestration service for containers with distributed architectures with multiple containers.

101
Q

Types of app services (4)

A

Web Apps
API Apps
WebJobs
Mobile Apps

102
Q

3 ideas in serverless computing (3)

A

Abstraction of servers: Serverless computing abstracts the servers you run on

Event-driven scale: Serverless computing is an excellent fit for workloads that respond to incoming events.

Micro-billing: Traditional computing has the notion of per-second billing, but often, that’s not as useful as it seems. Even if a customer’s website gets only one hit a day, they still pay for a full day’s worth of availability. With serverless computing, they pay only for the time their code runs

103
Q

NB: Two implementations of serverless compute

A

Azure Functions, which can execute code in almost any modern language.

Azure Logic Apps, which are designed in a web-based designer and can execute logic triggered by Azure services without writing any code.

104
Q

Re Azure Functions, stateless vs stateful

A

Azure Functions can be either stateless (the default), where they behave as if they’re restarted every time they respond to an event, or stateful (called “Durable Functions”), where a context is passed through the function to track prior activity.

105
Q

Functions vs logic apps

A

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/learn/modules/intro-to-azure-compute/6-serverless-computing

106
Q

Benefits of using Azure to store data (7)

A

Automated backup and recovery: mitigates the risk of losing your data if there is any unforeseen failure or interruption.
Replication across the globe: copies your data to protect it against any planned or unplanned events, such as scheduled maintenance or hardware failures. You can choose to replicate your data at multiple locations across the globe.
Support for data analytics: supports performing analytics on your data consumption.
Encryption capabilities: data is encrypted to make it highly secure; you also have tight control over who can access the data.
Multiple data types: Azure can store almost any type of data you need. It can handle video files, text files, and even large binary files like virtual hard disks. It also has many options for your relational and NoSQL data.
Data storage in virtual disks: Azure also has the capability of storing up to 32 TB of data in its virtual disks. This capability is significant when you’re storing heavy data such as videos and simulations.
Storage tiers: storage tiers to prioritize access to data based on frequently used versus rarely used information.

107
Q

There are three primary types of data that Azure Storage is designed to hold. (6)

A

Structured data.
SCHEMA - Structured data is data that adheres to a schema, so all of the data has the same fields or properties. Structured data can be stored in a database table with rows and columns.
RELATIONAL - AKA Relational data as the data’s schema defines the table of data, the fields in the table, and the clear relationship between the two.

Semi-structured data.
HIERARCHY - Semi-structured data doesn’t fit neatly into tables, rows, and columns. Instead, semi-structured data uses tags or keys that organize and provide a hierarchy for the data.
NoSQL - Semi-structured data is also referred to as non-relational or NoSQL data.

Unstructured data.
UNRESTRICTED - Unstructured data encompasses data that has no designated structure to it. This lack of structure also means that there are no restrictions on the kinds of data it can hold. For example, a blob can hold a PDF document, a JPG image, a JSON file, video content, etc. As such, unstructured data is becoming more prominent as businesses try to tap into new data sources.

108
Q

NB: Azure’s storage options

A

Azure SQL Database is a relational database as a service (DaaS).
You can use it to build data-driven applications and websites in the programming language of your choice without needing to manage infrastructure.

Azure Cosmos DB is a globally distributed database service. It supports schema-less data that lets you build highly responsive and Always On applications to support constantly changing data.

Azure Blob Storage is unstructured, meaning that there are no restrictions on the kinds of data it can hold. Blobs are highly scalable and apps work with blobs in much the same way as they would work with files on a disk, such as reading and writing data.

Azure Data Lake Storage
large repository that stores both structured and unstructured data.

Azure Files
offers fully managed file shares in the cloud that are accessible via the industry standard Server Message Block (SMB) protocol.

Azure Queue storage
is a service for storing large numbers of messages that can be accessed from anywhere in the world.

Disk storage
provides disks for virtual machines, applications, and other services to access and use as they need, similar to how they would in on-premises scenarios.

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/learn/modules/intro-to-data-in-azure/3-how-azure-storage-meets-your-business-storage-needs

109
Q

NB: Storage tiers (3)

A

Hot storage tier: optimized for storing data that is accessed frequently.

Cool storage tier: optimized for data that are infrequently accessed and stored for at least 30 days.

Archive storage tier: for data that are rarely accessed and stored for at least 180 days with flexible latency requirements.

110
Q

Encryption for storage services (2)

A

Azure Storage Service Encryption (SSE) for data at rest helps you secure your data to meet the organization’s security and regulatory compliance. It encrypts the data before storing it and decrypts the data before returning it. The encryption and decryption are transparent to the user.

Client-side encryption is where the data is already encrypted by the client libraries. Azure stores the data in the encrypted state at rest, which is then decrypted during retrieval.

111
Q

Advantages to consider when comparing on-prem to Azure data storage

A

Cost effectiveness - no CAPEX. Change in reqs = change in hardware. Scaling not possible between peak and off-peak

Reliability - on-prem requires backup, load balancing and DR. Azure backup provides all of this.

Storage types - file and DB for eg. Azure Data Storage allows FLEXIBILITY

Agility - allows you to create new services in minutes

112
Q

Compare on-prem storage to Azure Data Storage

A

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/learn/modules/intro-to-data-in-azure/4-comparison-azure-and-on-prem-storage

113
Q

Availability and high availability (2)

A

Availability refers to how long your service is up and running without interruption. High availability, or highly available, refers to a service that’s up and running for a long period of time.

114
Q

What is resiliency?

A

Resiliency refers to a system’s ability to stay operational during abnormal conditions.

These conditions include:
Natural disasters
System maintenance, both planned and unplanned, including software updates and security patches.
Spikes in traffic to your site
Threats made by malicious parties, such as distributed denial of service, or DDoS, attacks

115
Q

NB: What is a load balancer?

A

A load balancer distributes traffic evenly among each system in a pool. A load balancer can help you achieve both high availability and resiliency.

116
Q

NB: What is Azure Load Balancer?

A

Load Balancer supports inbound and outbound scenarios, provides low latency and high throughput, and scales up to millions of flows for all Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) applications.

You can use Load Balancer with incoming internet traffic, internal traffic across Azure services, port forwarding for specific traffic, or outbound connectivity for VMs in your virtual network.

117
Q

Azure Application Gateway

A

If all your traffic is HTTP, a potentially better option is to use Azure Application Gateway. Application Gateway is a load balancer designed for web applications. It uses Azure Load Balancer at the transport level (TCP) and applies sophisticated URL-based routing rules to support several advanced scenarios.

118
Q

Benefits of using Azure App Gateway over simple load balancer

A

Cookie affinity. Useful when you want to keep a user session on the same backend server.
SSL termination. Application Gateway can manage your SSL certificates and pass unencrypted traffic to the backend servers to avoid encryption/decryption overhead. It also supports full end-to-end encryption for applications that require that.
Web application firewall. Application gateway supports a sophisticated firewall (WAF) with detailed monitoring and logging to detect malicious attacks against your network infrastructure.
URL rule-based routes. Application Gateway allows you to route traffic based on URL patterns, source IP address and port to destination IP address and port. This is helpful when setting up a content delivery network.
Rewrite HTTP headers. You can add or remove information from the inbound and outbound HTTP headers of each request to enable important security scenarios, or scrub sensitive information such as server names.

119
Q

What is a Content Delivery Network? (2)

Provide typical use case (1)

A

(CDN) is a distributed network of servers that can efficiently deliver web content to users.
It is a way to get content to users in their local region to minimize latency.

Typical usage scenarios include web applications containing multimedia content, a product launch event in a particular region, or any event where you expect a high-bandwidth requirement in a region.

120
Q

DNS

A

map user-friendly names to their IP addresses.

121
Q

What is network latency?

Latency vs Bandwidth?

A

Latency refers to the time it takes for data to travel over the network. Latency is typically measured in milliseconds.

Bandwidth refers to the amount of data that can fit on the connection. Latency refers to the time it takes for that data to reach its destination.

122
Q

What does traffic manager do?

A

Traffic Manager uses the DNS server that’s closest to the user to direct user traffic to a globally distributed endpoint.

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/learn/modules/intro-to-azure-networking/4-reduce-latency-traffic-manager

123
Q

Compare Load Balancer to Traffic Manager

A

Azure Load Balancer distributes traffic within the same region to make your services more highly available and resilient.

Traffic Manager works at the DNS level, and directs the client to a preferred endpoint. This endpoint can be to the region that’s closest to your user.

124
Q

NB: What is a thing of the internet?

A

A “thing” in the IoT world is often a sensor device. The device has some processing power but isn’t a computer that can compare with a smartphone, laptop, PC, or workstation. The sensor device typically takes some measurements (including temperature, velocity, acceleration, and humidity) at a specified time interval. The device then transmits the values for processing to the cloud. These values are called telemetry.

125
Q

NB: What is Event Grid?

A

Event Grid aggregates all your events and provides routing from any source to any destination. Event Grid is a service that manages the routing and delivery of events from many sources and subscribers. This process eliminates the need for polling, and results in minimized cost and latency.

126
Q

NB: What are resource groups?

A 
Grouping of resources
Holds logically related resources
Typically organizing by
- Type
- Lifecycle (app, environment)
- Department
- Billing,
- Location or
- combination of those

Each resource must be in one, and only one resource group
Resource groups have their own location assigned
Resources in the resource groups can reside in a different locations
Resources can be moved between the resource groups
Resource groups can’t be nested
Organize based on your organization needs but consider
- Billing
- Security and access management
- Application Lifecycle

127
Q

NB: Azure Sphere

A

SaaS
Secure end-2-end IoT Solutions
- Azure Sphere certified chips (microcontroller units - MCUs)
- Azure Sphere OS based on Linux
- Azure Security Service trusted device-to-cloud communication

128
Q

NB: Data Types

A

Structured - Data that can be represented using tables with very strict schema. Each row must follow defined schema. Some tables have defined relationships between them. Typically used in relational databases.

Semi-structured - Data that can be represented using tables but without strict defined schema. Rows must only have unique key identifier.

Unstructured - Any files in any format. Like binary files, application files, images, movies, etc.

129
Q

NB: SQL Database

A

Relational database service in the cloud (PaaS) (DBaaS - Database as a Service)
Structured data service defined using schema and relationships
Rich Query Capabilities (SQL)
High-performance, reliable, fully managed and secure database for building - applications

130
Q

NB: Azure SQL Managed Instance

A

Fully fledged SQL Server managed by cloud provider

131
Q

Azure Resource (3)

A

Object used to manage services in Azure
Represents service lifecycle
Saved as JSON definition

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