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Azure > Describe Azure Core Services > Flashcards

Describe Azure Core Services Flashcards

1
Q

Describe examples of when to use VMs?

A

During testing and development - VMs provide a quick and easy way to create different OS and application configurations.

When running applications in the cloud - The ability to run certain applications in the public cloud as opposed to creating a traditional infrastructure to run them can provide substantial economic benefits.

When extending your datacenter to the cloud. An organization can extend the capabilities of it’s own on-premises network by creating a virtual network in Azure and adding VMs to that virtual network.

During disaster recover

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2
Q

What is Azure Batch?

A

Enables large-scale parallel and high performance computing batch jobs with the ability to scale tens, hundreds , or thousands of VMs.

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3
Q

What are common app services?

A

With App Service you can host
Web Apps - includes full support for hosting web apps by using .ASP .NET, ASP.NET Core, Java, Ruby, Node.js, PHP, or Python.
API Apps - Build REST-based web APIs by using your choice of language and framework.
WebJobs - Can use WebJobs feature to run a program (.exe, Java, PHP, Python, or Node.js)
Mobile Apps - Store mobile app data in a cloud-based SQL database. Authenticate customers against common social providers, such as MSA, Google, Twitter, and Facebook. Send push notifications. Execute custom back-end Logic

You pay for the Azure compute resources your app uses while it processes requests based on the App Service plan you choose.

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4
Q

What are containers?

A

Containers are virtualization environment. Much like running multiple virtual machines on a single physical host, you can run multiple containers on a single physical or virtual host.

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5
Q

What is an Azure Container Instance?

A

Azure Container Instances is a solution for any scenario that can operate in isolated containers, without orchestration.

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6
Q

What is Azure Kubernetes Service?

A

The task of automating, managing and interacting with a large number of containers is known as orchestration. Azure Kubernetes Service is a complete orchestration service for containers with distributed architecture and large volumes of containers.

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7
Q

When should you use containers?

A

Containers are often used to create solutions by using a microservice architecture. This architecture is where you break solutions into smaller, independent pieces.

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8
Q

What is Serverless computing?

A

Serverless computing is the abstraction of servers, infrastructure and operating systems.

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9
Q

What does Abstraction of servers mean?

A

Serverless computing abstracts the servers you run on. You never explicitly reserve server instances. The platform manages that for you. each function execution can run on a different compute instance.

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10
Q

What does Event-driven scale mean?

A

Serverless computing is an excellent fit for workloads that must respond to incoming events that have triggers.

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11
Q

What does Micro-billing mean in terms of serverless computing?

A

With serverless computing, the user pays only for the time their code runs. If no active function executions occur, they’re not charged.

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12
Q

What is Azure Logic Apps?

A

Logic apps are similar to functions that they can be triggered by an event. Where functions execute code, logic apps execute workflows that are designed to automate business scenarios and are built from predefined logic blocks.

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13
Q

What is a stateless function?

A

When a function is stateless (the default), they behave as if they’re restarted every time they respond to an event.

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14
Q

What is a stateful function?

A

When a function is stateful ( called Durable Functions), a context is passed through the function to track prior activity.

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15
Q

What is the state for Functions and Logic Apps?

A

Functions - normally stateless, but durable functions provide state.
Logic Apps - Stateful

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16
Q

What is the development for functions and logic apps?

A

Functions - code-first (imperative)

Logic Apps - Designer-first (declarative)

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17
Q

What is the connectivity for Functions and Logic Apps?

A

Functions - About a dozen built-in binding types.

Logic Apps - Large collection of connectors.

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18
Q

What is the actions for Functions and Logic Apps?

A

Functions - Each activity in an Azure function. Write code for for activity functions.
Logic Apps - Large collection of ready-made actions.

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19
Q

What is the monitoring for Functions and Logic Apps?

A

Functions - Azure application insights

Logic Apps - Azure portal, Log Analytics

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20
Q

What is the management for Functions and Logic Apps?

A

Functions - REST API, Visual studio

Logic Apps - Azure Portal, REST API, PowerShell, Visual Studio

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21
Q

What is the execution context for Functions and Logic Apps?

A

Functions - Can run locally or in the cloud

Logic Apps - Runs only in the cloud

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22
Q

What is Azure Virtual Desktop?

A

Azure virtual desktop is a desktop and application virtualization service that runs on the cloud. It enables your users to use a cloud-hosted version of Windows from any location.

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23
Q

Why should you use Azure Virtual Desktop?

A

Provides the best user experience

Enhances security - Uses Azure Active Directory. Can enable MFA. Can secure access by assigning RBAC to users.

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24
Q

What are some key features of Azure Virtual Desktop?

A

Simplified management
Performance management - can load balance users on your VM host pools. Host pools are collections of VMs with the same configuration assigned to multiple users.
Allows for Multi-session

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25
Q

How can you reduce costs with Azure Virtual Desktop?

A

Bring your own license

Save on compute costs - buy one year o three year Azure Reserved Virtual Instances.

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26
Q

What is Azure virtual networking?

A

Azure virtual networks enable Azure resources, such as VMs, web apps, and databases, to communicate with each other, with users on the internet and with your on-premises client computers.

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27
Q

What are the key networking capabilities that Azure virtual networks provide?

A 
Isolation and segmentation
Internet communications
Communicate between Azure resources
Communicate with on-premise resources
Route network traffic
Filter network traffic
Connect virtual networks
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28
Q

What is Isolation and Segmentation?

A

Azure virtual network allows you to create multiple isolated virtual networks. When you set up a virtual network, you define a private IP address space by using either public or private IP address ranges.

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29
Q

How can you enable Azure resources to communicate securely with each other?

A

Virtual networks - can connect not only to VMs but other Azure resources such as App Service Environment for Power Apps, Azure Kubernetes Service and Azure virtual machine scale sets.
Service endpoints - You can use service endpoints to connect to other Azure resource types, such as Azure SQL, databases and storage acccounts.

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30
Q

How can you communicate with on-premise resources?

A

Point-to-site virtual private networks
Site-to-site virtual private network
Azure ExpressRoute

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31
Q

What is a Point-to-site virtual private network?

A

A typical approach to a virtual private network (VPN) connection is from a computer outside your organization, back into your corporate network. In this case, the client computer initiates an encrypted VPN connection to connect that compute to the Azure virtual network.

32
Q

What is a Site-to-site virtual private network?

A

A site-to-site VPN links your on-premises VPN device or gateway to the Azure VPN gateway in a virtual network. In effect, the devices in Azure can appear as being on the local network. The connection is encrypted and works over the internet

33
Q

What is Azure ExpressRoute?

A

ExpressRoute is a service that enables you to create private connections between Azure datacenters and infrastructure that’s on your premises or in a colocation environment.

34
Q

How can you control routing and override network traffic?

A

Routing Tables - a route table allows you to define rules about how traffic should be directed.
Border Gateway Protocol - Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) works with Azure VPN gateways, Azure Route Server, or ExpressRoute to propagate on-premise BGP routes to Azure virtual networks.

35
Q

How does Azure Virtual networks enable you to filter between subnets?

A

Network Security Groups

Network Virtual Appliances

36
Q

What are Network Security Groups?

A

A network security group is an Azure resource that can contain multiple inbound and outbound security rules. You can define these rules to allow or block traffic, based on factors such as source and destination IP address, port, and protocol.

37
Q

What are Network Virtual Appliances?

A

Network virtual appliance is a specialized VM that can be compared to a hardened network appliance. A network virtual appliance carries out a particular network function, such as running a firewall or performing wide area network (WAN) optimization.

38
Q

What is virtual network peering?

A

With peering you can link virtual networks together. Peering enables resources in each virtual network to communicate with each other. These virtual networks can be in separate regions, which allows you to create a global interconnected network through Azure.

39
Q

What is a VPN Gateway?

A

A VPN gateway is a type of virtual network gateway. Azure VPN Gateway instances are deployed in a dedicated subnet of the virtual network and enable the following connectivity.

    • Connect on-premises datacenters to virtual networks through a site-to-site connection
  • -Connect individual devices to virtual networks through a point-to-site connection
  • -Connect virtual networks to other virtual networks through a network-to-network connection
40
Q

When you deploy a VPN gateway what types of VPN can you specify?

A

Policy based

Route based

41
Q

What is a Policy-based VPN?

A

Policy-based VPN gateways specify statically the IP address of packets that should be encrypted through each tunnel. This type of device evaluates every data packet against those sets of IP addresses to choose the tunnel where that packet is going to be sent through.

42
Q

What are the key features of policy-based VPN gateways in Azure include?

A

Support for IKEv1 only
Use of static routing where combinations of address prefixes from both networks control how traffic is encrypted and decrypted through the VPN tunnel.
Policy-based VPNs must be used in specific scenarios that require them, such as for compatibility with legacy on-premise devices.

43
Q

What are Route-based VPNs?

A

Route-based gateway can be used when defining which IP addresses are behind each tunnel is too cumbersome. With route based gateways, IPSec tunnels are modeled as a network interface or virtual tunnel interface, IP routing decides which one of these tunnel interfaces to use when sending each packet. Preferred connection method for on-premises devices.

44
Q

When should you use a route-based VPN gateway?

A

If you need any of the following types of connectivity.

  • Connections between virtual networks
  • Point-to-site connections
  • Multisite connections
  • Coexistence with an Azure Express Route Gateway
45
Q

What are the key features of route-based VPN gateways?

A

Supports IKEv2
Uses any-to-any (wildcard) traffic selectors
Can use dynamic routing protocols,

46
Q

What required Azure resources do you need to deploy a VPN gateway?

A 
Virtual network
GatewaySubnet
Public IP address
Local network gateway
Virtual network gateway
Connection
47
Q

What on-premise resources do you need to connect to a VPN gateway?

A

A VPN device that supports policy-based or route-based VPN gateways
A public-facing (internet-routable) IPv4 address

48
Q

Do ExpressRoute connections go over the public internet?

A

No.

49
Q

What is Layer 2 (L2)?

A

This layer is the Data Link Layer, which provides node-to node communication between two nodes on the same network.

50
Q

What is Layer 3 (L3)?

A

This Layer is the Network Layer, which provides addressing and routing between nodes on a multi-node network.

51
Q

What are the features and benefits of ExpressRoute?

A

Layer 3 connectivity between your on-premises network and the Microsoft Cloud through a connectivity provider.
Connectivity to Microsoft cloud service across all regions in the geopolitical region.
Global connectivity to Microsoft services across all regions with ExpressRoute Premium add-on
Dynamic routing between your network and Microsoft via BGP
Built-in redundancy in every peering location for higher reliability.
Connection uptime SLA
QoS support to Skye for Business

52
Q

What are the ExpressRoute connectivity models?

A

CloudExchange colocation
Point-to-point Ethernet connection
Any-to-any connection
Directly from ExpressRoute sites

53
Q

What is the Colocation at a cloud exchange connectivity model?

A

Collocated providers can normally offer both Layer 2 and Layer 3 connections between your infrastructure, which might be located in the colocation facility, and the Microsoft cloud.

54
Q

What is the Point-to-point Ethernet connection connectivity model?

A

Point-to-point connections provide Layer 2 and Layer 3 connectivity between your on-premises site and Azure. You can connect your offices or datacenters to Azure by using the point-to-point links.

55
Q

What is the Any-to-any network connectivity model?

A

You can integrate your wide area network (WAN) with Azure by providing connections to your offices and datacenters.

56
Q

Is ExpressRoute connectivity encrypted?

A

No

57
Q

How can you create an Azure Storage account?

A

Azure portal
PowerShell
Azure CLI

58
Q

What is Azure Blob Storage?

A

Is an object storage solution for the cloud. It can store massive amounts of data, such as text or binary data. Azure Blob Storage is unstructured, meaning that there are no restrictions on any kinds of data it can hold. Blob Storage can mange thousands of simultaneous uploads, massive amounts of video data, constantly growing log files, and can be reached from anywhere with an internet connection.

59
Q

What is Blob Storage ideal for?

A

Serving images or documents directly to a browser
Storing files for distributed access
Streaming video and audio
Storing data for backup and restore, disaster recover, and archiving
Storing data for analysis by an on-premises or Azure-hosted service
Storing up to 8 TB of data for virtual machines

60
Q

What is Azure Files Fundamentals?

A

Azure Files offers fully managed file shares in the cloud that are accessible via the industry standard Server Message block and Network File System protocols.

61
Q

What situations is Azure Files for?

A

Many on-premises applications use file shares. Azure files make it easier to migrate those applications that share data to Azure. If you mount the Azure file share to the same drive letter that the on-premises application uses, the part of your application that accesses the file share should work with minimal changes, if any.
Store configuration files on a file share and access them from multiple VMs. Tools and utilities used by multiple developers in a group can be stored on a file share, ensuring that everybody can find them.
Write data to a file share, and process or analyze the data later.

62
Q

What are the Blob access tiers?

A

Hot access tier- optimized for storing data that is accessed frequently
Cool access tier - Optimized for data that infrequently accessed and stored for at least 30 days
Archive access tier - Appropriate for data that is rarely accessed and stored for at least 180 days.

63
Q

What is Disk Storage?

A

Disk Storage provides disks for Azure virtual machines.

64
Q

What is Azure Cosmos DB?

A

Globally distributed, multi-model databases service. Supports schema-less data. Supports SQL, MongoDB, Cassandra, Tables, and Gremlin APIs.

65
Q

What is Azure SQL database?

A

Is a relational database on the latest stable version of the Microsoft SQL Server. High-performance, reliable, fully managed, and secure database

66
Q

What are the features of Azure SQL Database?

A

Is a PaaS database engine
Provides 99.99 percent availability
Fully managed service
Can migrate existing SQL server databases with minimal downtime by using the Azure Database Migration

67
Q

What is Azure database for MySQL?

A

Azure Database for MySQL is a relational database service in the cloud, and it’s based on the MySQL Community Edition database engine. 99.99 percent availability.

68
Q

What does Azure Database for MySQL deliver?

A

Built-in high availability with no additional cost
Predictable performance and inclusive, pay-as-you-go pricing.
Scale as needed, within seconds
Ability to protect sensitive data at-rest and in-motion
Automatic backups
Enterprise-grade security and compliance

69
Q

What is Azure Database for PostgreSQL?

A

Is a relational database service in the cloud based on the community version of the open-source PostgreSQL database engine.

70
Q

What are the benefits of Azure Database for PostgreSQL?

A

Built-in high availability compared to on-premise resources.
Simple and flexible pricing
Scale up and down as needed, within seconds.
Adjustable automatic backups and point-in-time restore for up to 35 days.
Enterprise-grade security and compliance to protect sensitive data at-rest and in-motion.

71
Q

What is Hyperscale (Citus) ?

A

Hyperscale (Citus) option horizontally scales queries across multiple machines by using sharding.

72
Q

What is Azure SQL Managed Instance?

A

Is a platform as a service database engine. Makes it easy to migrate your on-premise data o SQL Server to the cloud using the Azure Database Migration Service.

73
Q

What is Azure Synapse Analytics?

A

Is a limitless analytics service that brings together enterprise data warehousing and big data analytics. Can query data using serverless or provisioned resources at scale.

74
Q

What is Azure HDInsight?

A

Fully managed, and open-source analytics service for enterprise. Can run Apache Spark, Apache Hadoop, Apache Kafka, Apache HBase, Apache Storm and Machine learning services. Supports ETL.

75
Q

What is Azure Databricks?

A

Helps you unlock insights from all your data and build artificial intelligence solutions. Supports Python, Scala, R, Java, and SQL. TensorFlow, PyTorch and scikit-learn.

76
Q

What is Azure Data Lake Analytics?

A

Is an on-demand analytics job service that simplifies big data. Instead of deploying, configuring and tuning hardware, you write queries to transform your data an extract valuable insights. You only pay for your job when it’s running, making it more cost-effective.

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