Descent with modification Flashcards
- the “FATHER OF EVOLUTION”
Charles Darwin
a British naturalist, used this word common descent to refer to evolution of species by modification.
Charles Darwin
He gathered evidence and patterns or processes on how organism changes with time form its descent.
Charles Darwin
•The phrase descent with modification summarized in Charles Darwin’s
perception of the unity of life in his book,
On the origin of the Species
“all organisms are related through
descent from an ancestor that lived in the remote past”.
On the origin of the species
refers to the passing on of traits from parent organisms to their offspring.
descent with modification
This passing on of traits is known as
heredity
and the basic unit of heredity is the
gene
Genes are the blueprints for making an organism and, as such, hold information about its every conceivable aspect:
growth
development
behavior
appearance
physiology
reproduction
all species-living or extinct- were derived from common ancestors.
common descent
the father of genetics
Gregor Mendel
Based on ribosomal RNA genes implies a single origin for all
the family tree/phylogentic tree
it is a hypothesis of descent: 19r10 moT modification which shows species thatos might belong to common ancestry.
phylogenetic tree
• All known forms of life are based on the same fundamental biochemical organization: genetic information encoded in DNA, transcribed into RNA, through the effect of protein and RNA-enzymes, then translated into proteins by highly similar ribosomes, with ATP, лu NADPH and others as energy sources.
comon biochemistry
The genetic code is nearly identical for all known life forms, from bacteria and archaea to animals and plants.
common genetic code
Selective Natural similarities
Amino Acids
• Proteins
Other Similarities: • ATP
Patterns of descent modification includes______ in the genetic material, speciation due to adaptation,_______ of the fit organism towards adversities of the environment and selective selection due to human research and environmental factors
causing_____
mutation
natural selection
genetic variations.
are anatomical resemblances that represent variations on a structural theme present in a common ancestor. Such characters are similar to different organisms because they were inherited from a common ancestor that also had the character.
homologous structures
are characters descended from separate evolutionary origin but are superficially similar because they have experienced natural selection. They have different structures but are of similar functions.
Analogous structures
Comparison of the human genetic code with that of other organisms show that chimpanzees are nearly genetically identical
genetic code similarities
Similar comparisons can be made based on anatomical evidence.
comparative anatomy
Similarities of some organisms can also be traced on their embryonic development. Thus, this also suggests that organisms have common descent.
Comparative embryology
The basic similarity of all living things suggests that they evolved from a single common ancestor. All living things also use a molecule called ATP to carry energy around the organism. All living things pass on information from generation to generation using the DNA molecule.
comparative biochemistry
The DNA is made of amino acid sequence called
codons
Reduction of genetic variation happens because of some factors; variation in traits, differential reproduction and heredity.
genetic drift
Variation of traits
VARIATION OF TRAITS
• DIFFERENTIATED REPRODUCTION
• HEREDITY
