Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Derm, infectious disease, topical drugs, RBC disorders > Dermatopathology I > Flashcards

Dermatopathology I Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Layers of Skin

A

Stratum corneum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosulm
Stratum Basale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Macule

A

Circumscribed, flat lesion <5mm distinguished from surrounding skin by color

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Patch

A

Circumscribed, flat lesion >5mm distinguished from surrounding skin by color

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Papule

A

Elevated dome-shaped or flat-topped lesion <5mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Nodule

A

Elevated dome-shaped or flat-topped lesion >5mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Plaque

A

Elevated flat-topped lesion >5mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pustule

A

Discrete, pus-filled, raised lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Scale

A

Dry, horny, platelike excrescence; usually the result of imperfect cornification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Vesicle

A

Fluid-filled raised lesion <5mm; also called a blister

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Bulla

A

Fluid-filled raised lesion >5mm; also called a blister

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Excoriation

A

Traumatic lesion breaking the epidermis and causing a raw linear area (deep scratch)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Wheal

A

Itchy, transient, elevated lesion with variable blanching and erythema formed as the result of dermal edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Lichenification

A

Thickened, rough skin; usually the result of repeated rubbing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Acanthosis

A

Diffuse epidermal hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Dyskeratosis

A

Abnormal, premature keratinization within cells below the stratum granulosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hypergranulosis

A

Hyperplasia of the stratum granulosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Hyperkeratosis

A

Thickening of the stratum corneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Lentiginous

A

A linear pattern of melanocyte proliferation within the epidermal basal cell layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Papillomatosis

A

Surface elevation caused by hyperplasia and enlargement of contiguous dermal papillae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Parakeratosis

A

Keratinization with retained nuclei in the stratum corneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Spongiosis

A

Intercellular edema of the epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Acute Inflammatory Dermatoses

A

Last from days to weeks

Characterized by lymphocytic and macrophage inflammatory infiltrate and edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Chronic Inflammatory Dermatoses

A

Persist for months to years

Associated with changes in epidermal growth (atrophy or hyperplasia) or dermal fibrosis

The skin is roughened due to excess or abnormal scale formation and shedding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Urticaria (Hives)

A

Common disorder characterized by localized mast cell degranulation and dermal microvascular hyperpermeability

Patients present with pruritic edematous plaques (wheals)

Angioedema is a related condition with edema of the deeper dermis and subcutaneous fat

Can be acute (less than 6 weeks) or chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Causes of Urticaria

A 
Immunologic mechanisms
Non-immunologic mechanisms
Physical stimuli
Skin contact
Small vessel vasculitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Treatment of Urticaria

A

Avoidance of specific allergens
Oral H1 antagonists
Epinephrine

27
Q

Acute Eczematous Dermatitis

A

One of the most common skin disorders

Can be subdivided into 5 categories

  1. Allergic contact dermatitis
  2. Atopic dermatitis
  3. Drug-related eczematous dermatitis
  4. Photoeczematous dermatitis
  5. Primary irritant dermatitis

Results from T-cell mediated inflammatory reactions (TYPE IV HYPERSENSITIVITY)

28
Q

Causes and treatment of acute eczematous dermatitis

A

Causes can be broadly categorized as
INSIDE: reaction to an internal circulating antigen
OUTSIDE: reaction from external application of an antigen

TREATMENT
Removal of the offending substance
Topical steroids

29
Q

Erythema Multiforme

A 
Self-limited hypersensitivity reaction 
Associated with infections from:
VIRUS: Herpes simplex 
BACTERIA: Mycoplasma, leprosy, typhoid
FUNGUS: Histoplasma, Coccidioides
Exposure to drugs: sulfonamides, penicillin, barbiturates, salicylates, antimalarials

Cancer

Collagen vascular disease

30
Q

Stevens Johnson Syndrome

A

A febrile form of erythema multiforme with extensive skin involvement

Also involves oral mucosa, conjunctiva, urethra, genital and perianal areas

May lead to sepsis
Often seen in children

31
Q

Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

A

Type of erythema multiforme characterized by diffuse necrosis and sloughing of cutaneous and mucosal epithelial surfaces

Clinical picture similar to that of burn patients

32
Q

Treatment of Acute Erythema Multiforme

A 
Observation  
Oral antihistamines 
Topical steroids
Acyclovir
Prednisone
33
Q

Treatment of Chronic Erythema Multiforme

A

Antivirals (acyclovir)
Dapsone
Azathioprine
Cyclosporine

34
Q

Psoriasis

A

Common disorder affecting 1-2% of the US population

Chronic inflammatory dermatosis that results from interactions of genetic and environmental factors

Associated with HLA-C

Results from activated T cells in the skin stimulating the secretion of cytokines and growth factors that induce keratinocyte proliferation

15% of patients have associated arthritis

35
Q

Psoriasis is associated with what gene and what condition?

A

HLA-C

Arthritis

36
Q

Treatment of psoriasis

A 
Topical steroids
Intralesional steroid injection
UVB and tar
Methotrexate
Cyclosporine
Soriatane
37
Q

Seborrheic Dermatitis

A

Common chronic inflammatory dermatosis that affects up to 5% of the general population

Involves regions with high density of sebaceous glands:
Scalp
Forehead
External auditory canal
Retroauricular area
Nasolabial folds
Presternal area
38
Q

Causes of Seborrheic Dermatitis

A

Increased sebum production
Colonization of the skin by Malassezia

Severe form seen in HIV+ patients with low CD4 counts

39
Q

Treatment of Seborrheic Dermatitis

A

Frequent washing of the affected area with antisebhorreic soaps
Topical steroids
Anti-yeast medications
Oral antifungals

40
Q

Lichen Planus

A

Self-limited condition most commonly resolving spontaneously 1-2 years after onset

“Six Ps”:
Pruritic, purple, polygonal, planar, papules and plaques

Resolution of lesions may leave postinflammatory hyperpigmentation

Squamous cell carcinoma may develop in oral lesions

41
Q

6 P’s of Lichen Planus

A 
Pruritic
Purple
Polygonal
Planar
Papules
Plaques
42
Q

Treatment of Lichen Planus

A 
Topical steroids
Intralesional steroids
Systemic steroids
Azathioprine
Cyclosporine
Light therapy (PUVA & UVB)
43
Q

Acute Inflammatory Dermatoses

A

Urticaria
Acute Eczematous Dermatitis
Erythema Multiforme

44
Q

Chronic Inflammatory Dermatoses

A

Psoriasis
Seborrheic Dermatitis
Lichen Planus

45
Q

Blistering Disorders

A

Pemphigus
Bullous Pemphigoid
Dermatitis Herpetiformis
Epidermolysis Bullosa

46
Q

Pemphigus

A

In inflammatory blistering disorder caused by autoantibodies that result in the dissolution of intercellular attachments within the epidermis and mucosal epithelium

IgG autoantibodies to desmoglein 1 and 3 disrupt intercellular adhesions of desmosomes

47
Q

In Pemphigus, _______ to ________ disrupt intercellular adhesions of desmosomes

A

IgG autoantibodies, Desmoglein 1 and 3

48
Q

Pemphigus Variants

A 
Pemphigus vulgaris
Pemphigus vegetans
Pemphigus foliaceus
Pemphigus erythematosus
Paraneoplastic pemphigus
49
Q

Pemphigus treatment

A

Immunosuppressive agents to decrease the titers of the pathogenic antibodies

50
Q

Bullous Pemphigoid

A

A blistering disorder caused by autoantibodies directed to the proteins that bind basal keratinocytes to the basement membrane

Antibody deposition occurs in a linear pattern at the dermoepidermal junction

The proteins BPAGs are part of the hemidesmosomes that link basal keratinocytes to the basement membrane

51
Q

In bullous pemphigoid, the protein _______ are part of the hemidesmosomes that link _______ to ______

A

BPAGs
keratinocytes
basement membrane

52
Q

Treatment of Bullous Pemphigoid

A

Topical steroids
Systemic steroids
Methotrexate
Azathioprine

53
Q

Dermatitis Herpetiformis

A

Rare disorder characterized by urticaria and grouped vesicles

Strong association with HLA-B8, HLA-DR3 and HLA-DQw2

Genetically predisposed individuals develop IgA antibodies to dietary gluten

These antibodies cross-react with reticulin which is a component of the anchoring fibrils that attaches the epidermal basement membrane to the superficial papillary dermis

The injury results in subepidermal blisters

54
Q

Which genes are strongly associated with dermatitis herpetiformis

A

HLA-B8
HLA-DR3
HLA-DQw2

55
Q

With dermatitis herpetiformis, genetically predisposed individuals develop ______ to _____

A

IgA antibodies to dietary gluten

56
Q

The IgA antibodies created in Dermatitis herpetiformis cross react with which protein and what is the role of this protein

A

Reticulin, a component of the anchoring fibrils that attaches to the epidermal basement membrae to the superficial papillary dermis

57
Q

Treamtment of Dermatitis Herpetiformis

A

Dapsone

Sulfapyridine

58
Q

Epidermolysis Bullosa

A

Inherited defect in structural proteins that cause mechanical instability to the skin

Clinical manifestations soon after birth with blister formation at sites of pressure, rubbing or trauma

4 types:

  • Simplex
  • Junctional
  • Dystrophic
  • Mixed
59
Q

Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex Type

A

Autosomal dominant inheritance of defects in keratin 14 or keratin 5 resulting in defects in the basal cell layer of the epidermis

60
Q

Epidermolysis Bullosa Junctional Type

A

Autosomal recessive inheritance of defects in laminin, a protein at the lamina lucida

The lamina lucida binds to both hemidesmosomes and anchoring filaments

Blisters are seen at the level of the lamina lucida

61
Q

Epidermolysis bullosa Dystrophic Type

A

Autosomal dominant or recessive inheritance of defects in type VII collagen (a major component of the basement membrane anchoring fibrils)

Defects causes blisters at the level of the lamina densa

This is a scarring disorder

62
Q

What is the defect in epidermolysis bullosa simplex type

A

Keratin 14 or 5

63
Q

What is the defect in epidermolysis bullosa junctional type

A

laminin

64
Q

What is the defect in epidermolysis bullosa dystrophic type

A

type VII collagen

Derm, infectious disease, topical drugs, RBC disorders (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions