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Dermatopathology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 changes that can lead to the formation of a vesicle or bulla?

A

Intercellular edema- spongiosis
Intracellular edema- hydrophic degeneration
Disruption of intercellular junctions- acantholysis

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2
Q

What is the roof made up of in a subcorneal vesicle and what dz’s is it associated with?

A

straturm corneum, pemphigus foliaceous and impetigo

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3
Q

What is the room made up of in a suprabasal vesicle and what dz is it associated with?

A

portion of the epidermis, pemphigus vulgaris

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4
Q

What composes a subepidermal vesicle and what dz is associated with it?

A

The entire epidermis, bullous pemphigoid

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5
Q

Pustule

A

Palpable elevation filled with pus, cause leukocyte infiltrate

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6
Q

Crust definition and causes

A

Dried exudate, serum, blood and scale that’s adhered to skin surface

Causes: severe disorders of keritinizations, severe pustular dermatitis (pustules rupture and form a crust) or 2ndary to ulcers

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7
Q

Papules definition and causes

A

Palpable, solid, elevated mass

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8
Q

Nodules

A

> 1cm and deeper that papules

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9
Q

Plaques

A

coalesced papules

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10
Q

You have a case where a bunch of baby lambs are dying (nooooo). Presenting skin lesions include crusts and ulcers idicating something is injuring the epidermis. Serum chem and biopsys come up negative but you look around the farm and see St. John’s Wart. What caused these lesions and what is the pathogenesis?

A

Type I Primary Photosensitization
UV light absorbed by photodynamic chemicals in the skin -> free radical damage -> epidermal necrosis of lightly pigmented or sparsely haired skin

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11
Q

Type II Photosensitization definition and pathogenesis

A

Porphyria

Inherited deficiency of proporphyrinogen III cosynthase -> defect in heme synthesis -> build up of porphyrins

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12
Q

Type III Secondary Photosensitization

A

Poor hepatic clearance of phylloerythrin (producet of ruminal chlorophyll transformation). Caused by toxins that cause biliary obstruction: Lantadenes, etc

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13
Q

Solar/Actinic Keratosis mdx

A

Mdx: epidermal hyperplasia, derma fibrosis and elastosis

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14
Q

Pathogenesis of acute solar injury

A

direct cellular injury by ionizing radiation -> endothelial damage and cytokine production may cause erythema of sunburn

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15
Q

1st degree burn

A

epidermis
reddened/darkened
complete healig

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16
Q

2nd Degree Burn

A

epidermis and dermis
vesicle formation
some adnexa are preserved allowing epidermal regeneration with some scarring

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17
Q

3rd degree burn

A

full thickness epidermis and dermis +/- subcutis
sloughing of necrotic tissue, followed by granulation tissue
scar, can be life threatening

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18
Q

Impetigo

A

superficial pustular dermatitis

non-follicular pustules which develop into crusts

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19
Q

Intertrigo definition and pathogenesis

A

skin fold pyoderma

Pathogenesis: closely opposed skin surfaces-> frictional trauma -> moisture -> opportunistic bacterial infections

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20
Q

Pyotraumatic Dermatitis definition and pathogenesis

A

Hot spots

Pathogenesis: self trauma -> bacterial infection underlying pruritis- especially flea allergy dermatitis!

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21
Q

Exudative epidermitis in pigs other name, what causes it and predisposing factors

A

Greasy Pig Dz
Caused by staph hyicus
Predisposing factors: poor husbandry, other skin lesions

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22
Q

Dermatophilosis hist appearance, predisposing factors, where is the dx?
What’s it called in sheep?

A

Caused by dermatophiul congolensis
tram track g+
Predisposing factors: wet weather, prolonged wetting of skin/hair/wool
DX IS IN THE CRUST! (don’t throw it away)
Sheep= lumpy wool

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23
Q

Canine superficial spreading pyoderma

A

usually 2ndary, bacterial infection of superficial follicles and adjacent skin

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24
Q

What are 2 conditions that are grossly indistinguishable from Canine Superficial Spreading Pyoderma?

A

Demodicosis and Dermatophytosis

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25
Pemphigus folicaceous
Group of autoimmune dz involving Type II HS against desmosomes (resulting in acantholysis) Most common
26
Vesicle/Bulla definition and causes (4)
Palpable elevation filled with clear fluid vesicle 1cm Causes: autoimmune dermatoses, viral, chemical irritants, burns
27
Classic lesion of pox viruses
circular with umbilicated center
28
What's special about pox virus genetics?
pox viruses have a genes whose products are similar to epidermal growth factor resulting in epidermal hyperplasia
29
t/f Herpesviruses can cause cutaneous vesicles
t
30
Idiopathic Sterile Granuloma and Pyogranuloma Syndrome
rare, found is dogs especially, cause unknown, dx of exclusion
31
What's the causative agent of Swamp Cancer? How would you stain it? Mdx?
Pythium lagenidium Stain with GMS silver stain Mdx: granulomatous dermatitis
32
Actinomycete Mycetomas
Bacteria (nocardia and actinomyces) introduced by traumatic injury sulfur granules
33
What causes feline leprosy, predisposing factors, mdx
mycobacterium lepraemurium predisposing: cats in cold, wet areas with FIV mdx: granulomatous dermatitis
34
Where does Canine Leproid Granuloma like to make lesions?
Nodules on dorsal pinna and other extremities Likes boxers and other short coated breeds mdx: granulomatous dermatitis
35
Puppy Strangles pathogenesis and mdx
pathogenesis unknown | mdx pyogranulomatous dermatitis
36
Lick "Granuloma" are caused by what? Mdx?
Caused by persistant licking/chewing due to boredom or sensory neuropathy. Mdx: dermal fibrosis and epidermal hyperplasia
37
Contact Dermatitis pathogenesis
Type IV HS rxn
38
Insect Bite Hypersensitivity pathogenesis, mdx
Type I and/or Type IV HS rx, papular dermatitis
39
Milary Dermatitis in Cats | Is it a dz? What would you see grossly? What animals get it and why?
not a dz, pattern of lesions small crusty erythematous papules cats with allergic skin dz
40
Eosinophilic Granuloma Complex in cats
commonly seen in cats with allergic skin dz | pattern of lesions, not a dz
41
Cutaneous Habronemiasis "Summer Sores"
Cutaneous eosinophilc granulomas caused by larval migration of Habronema of Drashica deposited in a wound by house/stable flies
42
Discoid Lupus Erythematosis
2nd most common autoimmune skin dz induction/exaerbation by UV light Dorsal nose and nasal planum mdx: ulcerative dermatitis
43
How can you tell the difference between Hemorrhage and Congestion in the skin?
When pressing the skin congestion WILL blanch out (turn white) while hemorrhage will not (because the blood is stuck in the vessels)
44
Diamond Skin Dz causative agent and Mdx
E. ehusiopathiae | mdx: cutaneous infarcts
45
Purpura hemorrhagica definition and cause
Type 3 HS immune mediated vasculitis | Cause: strep equi
46
Wheals
elevated irregular shaped area of cutaneous edema, solid, transient
47
Uticaria definition and pathogeneis
Hives of the superficial dermis | Pathogenesis: Type I and 3 HS, mast cell degranulation -> focal edma, congestion pruritis
48
Hypotrichosis
The term is an Mdx | Means less than normal amount of hair, most commonly hereditary
49
Collagen Dysplasia
Term is an mdx Collagen is malformed in dermis (Pic is dog with stretched out face)
50
Epitheliogenesis Imperfecta
Skin fails to develop in a segment, leaves dermis or subcutis exposed w/o covering. Animals don't live long due to 2ndary infection.
51
Ichthyosis
Congenital defect in cornification | pic is a calf with singed, cracked skin :(
52
Bilateral symmetrical alopecia indicates
Endocrine disorders
53
Zinc responsive dermatosis
inherited defect in zinc absorption or rapidly growing dogs on a low zinc diet get scaling around mouth, eyes, pressure points and paw pads
54
Sarcoptic mange pathogenesis and mdx
Pathogenesis: mites burrow into stratum corneum -> intense pruritis through HS mechanism -> self trauma, chronic irritation -> hyperkeratosis, lichenification, alopecia MDX: chronic dermatitis
55
T/F Hyperpigmentation is an increase in melanocytes
FALSE! It's an increase in the amount of melanin
56
Why would an animal have generalized hyperpigmentation?
``` Endocrine disorders Acanthosis nigicans (genetic in young dauschunds) ```
57
Why would an animals have localized hyperpigmentation? Mdx
chronic inflammation of physical irritation congenital (freckles) Mdx: chronic dermatitis and cutaneous hyperpigmentation
58
Piebaldism
foci lack of melanoctes, congenital hypopigmentation
59
Albinism
melanocytes are present but there's a defect to synthesize melanin congenital
60
Acquired hypopigmentation is caused by
Cu deficeincy or destruction of melanocytes or melanin containing keratinocytes
61
Vitiligo definition, name for it in horses
idiopathic acquired melanocytopenic hypomelanosis, genetic inheritance "arabian fading syndrome"
62
Calcinosis cutis is pathognomic for ________ | What does it look like grossly?
Cushings! Hyperadrenocorticism | Erythematous white gritty plaques and nodules
63
Calcinosis circumscripta is found in what kind of dogs and in what location
Rapidly growing large breed dogs | Single hard sq nodule usually near pressure points or @ previous inj site
64
Mucinosis definition and what breeds is it seen with?
Mucin is normally in the dermis (protein bound to hyaluronic acid) but it pours out of the skin Seen with shar-peis, myxedema with hypothyroidism

Pathology Final (1 decks)

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