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Pathology Final > Dermatopathology > Flashcards

Dermatopathology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 changes that can lead to the formation of a vesicle or bulla?

A

Intercellular edema- spongiosis
Intracellular edema- hydrophic degeneration
Disruption of intercellular junctions- acantholysis

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2
Q

What is the roof made up of in a subcorneal vesicle and what dz’s is it associated with?

A

straturm corneum, pemphigus foliaceous and impetigo

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3
Q

What is the room made up of in a suprabasal vesicle and what dz is it associated with?

A

portion of the epidermis, pemphigus vulgaris

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4
Q

What composes a subepidermal vesicle and what dz is associated with it?

A

The entire epidermis, bullous pemphigoid

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5
Q

Pustule

A

Palpable elevation filled with pus, cause leukocyte infiltrate

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6
Q

Crust definition and causes

A

Dried exudate, serum, blood and scale that’s adhered to skin surface

Causes: severe disorders of keritinizations, severe pustular dermatitis (pustules rupture and form a crust) or 2ndary to ulcers

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7
Q

Papules definition and causes

A

Palpable, solid, elevated mass

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8
Q

Nodules

A

> 1cm and deeper that papules

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9
Q

Plaques

A

coalesced papules

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10
Q

You have a case where a bunch of baby lambs are dying (nooooo). Presenting skin lesions include crusts and ulcers idicating something is injuring the epidermis. Serum chem and biopsys come up negative but you look around the farm and see St. John’s Wart. What caused these lesions and what is the pathogenesis?

A

Type I Primary Photosensitization
UV light absorbed by photodynamic chemicals in the skin -> free radical damage -> epidermal necrosis of lightly pigmented or sparsely haired skin

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11
Q

Type II Photosensitization definition and pathogenesis

A

Porphyria

Inherited deficiency of proporphyrinogen III cosynthase -> defect in heme synthesis -> build up of porphyrins

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12
Q

Type III Secondary Photosensitization

A

Poor hepatic clearance of phylloerythrin (producet of ruminal chlorophyll transformation). Caused by toxins that cause biliary obstruction: Lantadenes, etc

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13
Q

Solar/Actinic Keratosis mdx

A

Mdx: epidermal hyperplasia, derma fibrosis and elastosis

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14
Q

Pathogenesis of acute solar injury

A

direct cellular injury by ionizing radiation -> endothelial damage and cytokine production may cause erythema of sunburn

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15
Q

1st degree burn

A

epidermis
reddened/darkened
complete healig

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16
Q

2nd Degree Burn

A

epidermis and dermis
vesicle formation
some adnexa are preserved allowing epidermal regeneration with some scarring

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17
Q

3rd degree burn

A

full thickness epidermis and dermis +/- subcutis
sloughing of necrotic tissue, followed by granulation tissue
scar, can be life threatening

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18
Q

Impetigo

A

superficial pustular dermatitis

non-follicular pustules which develop into crusts

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19
Q

Intertrigo definition and pathogenesis

A

skin fold pyoderma

Pathogenesis: closely opposed skin surfaces-> frictional trauma -> moisture -> opportunistic bacterial infections

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20
Q

Pyotraumatic Dermatitis definition and pathogenesis

A

Hot spots

Pathogenesis: self trauma -> bacterial infection underlying pruritis- especially flea allergy dermatitis!

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21
Q

Exudative epidermitis in pigs other name, what causes it and predisposing factors

A

Greasy Pig Dz
Caused by staph hyicus
Predisposing factors: poor husbandry, other skin lesions

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22
Q

Dermatophilosis hist appearance, predisposing factors, where is the dx?
What’s it called in sheep?

A

Caused by dermatophiul congolensis
tram track g+
Predisposing factors: wet weather, prolonged wetting of skin/hair/wool
DX IS IN THE CRUST! (don’t throw it away)
Sheep= lumpy wool

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23
Q

Canine superficial spreading pyoderma

A

usually 2ndary, bacterial infection of superficial follicles and adjacent skin

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24
Q

What are 2 conditions that are grossly indistinguishable from Canine Superficial Spreading Pyoderma?

A

Demodicosis and Dermatophytosis

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25
Q

Pemphigus folicaceous

A

Group of autoimmune dz involving Type II HS against desmosomes (resulting in acantholysis)
Most common

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26
Q

Vesicle/Bulla definition and causes (4)

A

Palpable elevation filled with clear fluid
vesicle 1cm
Causes: autoimmune dermatoses, viral, chemical irritants, burns

27
Q

Classic lesion of pox viruses

A

circular with umbilicated center

28
Q

What’s special about pox virus genetics?

A

pox viruses have a genes whose products are similar to epidermal growth factor resulting in epidermal hyperplasia

29
Q

t/f Herpesviruses can cause cutaneous vesicles

A

t

30
Q

Idiopathic Sterile Granuloma and Pyogranuloma Syndrome

A

rare, found is dogs especially, cause unknown, dx of exclusion

31
Q

What’s the causative agent of Swamp Cancer? How would you stain it? Mdx?

A

Pythium lagenidium
Stain with GMS silver stain
Mdx: granulomatous dermatitis

32
Q

Actinomycete Mycetomas

A

Bacteria (nocardia and actinomyces) introduced by traumatic injury
sulfur granules

33
Q

What causes feline leprosy, predisposing factors, mdx

A

mycobacterium lepraemurium

predisposing: cats in cold, wet areas with FIV
mdx: granulomatous dermatitis

34
Q

Where does Canine Leproid Granuloma like to make lesions?

A

Nodules on dorsal pinna and other extremities
Likes boxers and other short coated breeds
mdx: granulomatous dermatitis

35
Q

Puppy Strangles pathogenesis and mdx

A

pathogenesis unknown

mdx pyogranulomatous dermatitis

36
Q

Lick “Granuloma” are caused by what? Mdx?

A

Caused by persistant licking/chewing due to boredom or sensory neuropathy.
Mdx: dermal fibrosis and epidermal hyperplasia

37
Q

Contact Dermatitis pathogenesis

A

Type IV HS rxn

38
Q

Insect Bite Hypersensitivity pathogenesis, mdx

A

Type I and/or Type IV HS rx, papular dermatitis

39
Q

Milary Dermatitis in Cats

Is it a dz? What would you see grossly? What animals get it and why?

A

not a dz, pattern of lesions
small crusty erythematous papules
cats with allergic skin dz

40
Q

Eosinophilic Granuloma Complex in cats

A

commonly seen in cats with allergic skin dz

pattern of lesions, not a dz

41
Q

Cutaneous Habronemiasis “Summer Sores”

A

Cutaneous eosinophilc granulomas caused by larval migration of Habronema of Drashica deposited in a wound by house/stable flies

42
Q

Discoid Lupus Erythematosis

A

2nd most common autoimmune skin dz
induction/exaerbation by UV light
Dorsal nose and nasal planum
mdx: ulcerative dermatitis

43
Q

How can you tell the difference between Hemorrhage and Congestion in the skin?

A

When pressing the skin congestion WILL blanch out (turn white) while hemorrhage will not (because the blood is stuck in the vessels)

44
Q

Diamond Skin Dz causative agent and Mdx

A

E. ehusiopathiae

mdx: cutaneous infarcts

45
Q

Purpura hemorrhagica definition and cause

A

Type 3 HS immune mediated vasculitis

Cause: strep equi

46
Q

Wheals

A

elevated irregular shaped area of cutaneous edema, solid, transient

47
Q

Uticaria definition and pathogeneis

A

Hives of the superficial dermis

Pathogenesis: Type I and 3 HS, mast cell degranulation -> focal edma, congestion pruritis

48
Q

Hypotrichosis

A

The term is an Mdx

Means less than normal amount of hair, most commonly hereditary

49
Q

Collagen Dysplasia

A

Term is an mdx
Collagen is malformed in dermis
(Pic is dog with stretched out face)

50
Q

Epitheliogenesis Imperfecta

A

Skin fails to develop in a segment, leaves dermis or subcutis exposed w/o covering. Animals don’t live long due to 2ndary infection.

51
Q

Ichthyosis

A

Congenital defect in cornification

pic is a calf with singed, cracked skin :(

52
Q

Bilateral symmetrical alopecia indicates

A

Endocrine disorders

53
Q

Zinc responsive dermatosis

A

inherited defect in zinc absorption or rapidly growing dogs on a low zinc diet get scaling around mouth, eyes, pressure points and paw pads

54
Q

Sarcoptic mange pathogenesis and mdx

A

Pathogenesis: mites burrow into stratum corneum -> intense pruritis through HS mechanism -> self trauma, chronic irritation -> hyperkeratosis, lichenification, alopecia

MDX: chronic dermatitis

55
Q

T/F Hyperpigmentation is an increase in melanocytes

A

FALSE! It’s an increase in the amount of melanin

56
Q

Why would an animal have generalized hyperpigmentation?

A 
Endocrine disorders
Acanthosis nigicans (genetic in young dauschunds)
57
Q

Why would an animals have localized hyperpigmentation? Mdx

A

chronic inflammation of physical irritation
congenital (freckles)
Mdx: chronic dermatitis and cutaneous hyperpigmentation

58
Q

Piebaldism

A

foci lack of melanoctes, congenital hypopigmentation

59
Q

Albinism

A

melanocytes are present but there’s a defect to synthesize melanin
congenital

60
Q

Acquired hypopigmentation is caused by

A

Cu deficeincy or destruction of melanocytes or melanin containing keratinocytes

61
Q

Vitiligo definition, name for it in horses

A

idiopathic acquired melanocytopenic hypomelanosis, genetic inheritance
“arabian fading syndrome”

62
Q

Calcinosis cutis is pathognomic for ________

What does it look like grossly?

A

Cushings! Hyperadrenocorticism

Erythematous white gritty plaques and nodules

63
Q

Calcinosis circumscripta is found in what kind of dogs and in what location

A

Rapidly growing large breed dogs

Single hard sq nodule usually near pressure points or @ previous inj site

64
Q

Mucinosis definition and what breeds is it seen with?

A

Mucin is normally in the dermis (protein bound to hyaluronic acid) but it pours out of the skin
Seen with shar-peis, myxedema with hypothyroidism

Pathology Final (1 decks)

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