Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Skin > Dermatopathology > Flashcards

Dermatopathology Flashcards

1
Q

Excoriation

A

Traumatic lesion breaking the epidermis and causing a raw linear area (i.e., deep scratch); often self-induced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Lichenification

A

Thickened and rough skin characterized by prominent skin markings (as lichen on a tree trunk); usually the result of repeated rubbing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Macule

A

Circumscribed lesion, 5 mm or smaller in diameter, characterized by flatness and distinguished by coloration (patch is greater than 5 mm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Onycholysis

A

Separation of nail plate from nail bed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Papule

A

Elevated dome-shaped or flat-topped lesion 5 mm or less across (nodule is greater than 5 mm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Plaque

A

Elevated flat-topped lesion, usually greater than 5 mm across (may be caused by coalescent papules)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pustule

A

Discrete, pus-filled, raised lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Scale

A

Dry, horny, platelike excrescence; usually the result of imperfect cornification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Vesicle

A

Fluid-filled raised lesion 5 mm or less across (Bulla is greater than 5 mm. Blister is the common term for either.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Wheal

A

Itchy, transient, elevated lesion with variable blanching and erythema formed as the result of dermal edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Acantholysis

A

-Loss of intercellular cohesion between keratinocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Acanthosis

A

Diffuse epidermal hyperplasia

Increased spinosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Dyskeratosis

A

Abnormal, premature keratinization within cells below the stratum granulosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Erosion

A

Discontinuity of the skin showing incomplete loss of the epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Exocytosis

A

Infiltration of the epidermis by inflammatory cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hydropic swelling (ballooning)

A

Intracellular edema of keratinocytes, often seen in viral infections

17
Q

Hypergranulosis

A

Hyperplasia of the stratum granulosum, often due to intense rubbing

18
Q

Hyperkeratosis

A

Thickening of the stratum corneum, often associated with a qualitative abnormality of the keratin

19
Q

Lentiginous

A

A linear pattern of melanocyte proliferation within the epidermal basal cell layer

20
Q

Papillomatosis

A

Surface elevation caused by hyperplasia and enlargement of contiguous dermal papillae

21
Q

Parakeratosis

A

Keratinization with retained nuclei in the stratum corneum. On mucous membranes, parakeratosis is normal.

22
Q

Spongiosis

A

Intercellular edema of the epidermis

23
Q

Ulceration

A

Discontinuity of the skin showing complete loss of the epidermis revealing dermis or subcutis

24
Q

Vacuolization

A

Formation of vacuoles within or adjacent to cells; often refers to basal cell-basement membrane zone area

25
Q

Poison Ivy

A
  • Acute Allergic contact dermatitis
  • pruitic vesticulobullous eruption
  • Micro: spongiosis, intre-epidermal vesicles
    • Inflammatory infiltrate in upper dermis
  • Caused by Poison Ivy, poison oak, poison sumack: rxn to haptan
  • Delayed type hypersensitivity: CD4 Th1 cells respond to antigens and secrete inflammatory cytokines
26
Q

Pemphigus vulgaris

A
  • blistering disorder
  • autoantibodies to desmoglein of desmosomes
  • dissolution of intercellular attachments within the epidermis and mucosal epithelium,
  • oral ulcers that may persist for months before skin involvemen
  • superficial vesicles and bullae that rupture easily, leaving shallow erosions covered with dried serum and crust
  • pustules on the groin, axillae, and flexural surfaces.
  • acantholysis, the dissolution, or lysis, of the intercellular adhesions that connect squamous epithelial cells
  • Keratinocytes become rounded
  • Basal keratinocytes remain attacked while others separate: “row of tombstones”
  • Positive Nikolsky’s sign
27
Q

Erythema Multiforme

A
  • hypersensitivity reaction to certain infections and drugs
    • herpes simplex, mycoplasmal infections, histoplasmosis,
    • sulfonamides, penicillin, barbiturates, salicylates
  • Typical lesion is erythematous papule w/ central vesicle giving a target appearance
  • Multiple subepidermal blisters w/ dermal edema
  • Mononuclear dermal infiltrate w/ necrotic keratinocytes
  • More severe forms: Steven Johnson’s and TENS
28
Q

Psoriasis

A

-Common chronic inflammatory dermatosis
-Red papules & plaques covered by white adherent scales
- most frequently affects the skin of the elbows, knees, scalp, lumbosacral areas, intergluteal cleft, and glans penis.
- Nail changes occur in 30% of cases of psoriasis: pitting, dimpling, separation of the nail plate, or thickening
-pustular psoriasis multiple small pustules form on erythematous plaques.
-acanthosis, with regular downward elongation of the rete ridges
-The stratum granulosum is thinned or absent, and extensive overlying parakeratotic scale is seen
-hinning of the portion of the epidermal cell layer that overlies the tips of dermal papillae
-dilated, tortuous blood vessels within these papillae.
-Koebner’s sign: trauma causes it to occur there
Awwswuts: removing plaqe causes bleading

29
Q

Seborrheic keratoses

A
  • common epidermal tumors in middle-aged or older individuals
  • numerous on the trunk, although the extremities, head, and neck
  • appear as round, flat, coin-like, waxy plaques that vary in diameter
  • uniformly tan to dark brown and usually have a velvety to granular surface.
  • Histology: hyperkeratosis acanthosis, papillomatosis, melanocytic hyperplasia and horn cysts
  • mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor-3 (FGFR3) gene are found in many sporadic seborrheic keratoses
  • part of a paraneoplastic syndrome (Leser-Trélat sign), possibly under the stimulation of transforming growth factor-α
30
Q

Bullous Pemphigoid

A
  • Autoimmune disorder w/ antibodies agains hemidesmosomes
    • Attach the epidermal basment membrane
  • Eosinophils in tense blisters
  • Less severe than pemphigus vulgaris: spares oral mucosa
  • NEGATIVE nikolsky’s sign
31
Q

Dermatitis Herpetiformis

A
  • Itchy pruritic papules and vesicles
  • Often on elbows, knees, back, and butt
  • Deposits of IgA at tips of dermal papillae
  • Associated w/ celiac disease
32
Q

Lichen Planus

A

-Puritic, purple, polygonal, papules
-Sawtooth infiltrate of lymphocytes at dermal-epidermal junction
-Associated w/ HepC
Also in mouth

33
Q

Actinic Keratosis

A
  • Premalignant lesions caused by sun exposure
  • Small, rough, erythematous or brownish papules
  • Cutaneous horn
  • Risk of carcinoma proportional to epithelial dysplasia
34
Q

Acanthosis nigricans

A
  • Hyperplasia of stratum spinosum
  • Associated w/ hyperinsulinemia (Cushing’s or diabetes) & visceral malignancy
  • brown to black, poorly defined, velvety hyperpigmentation
  • usually in body folds: neck, the axilla, groin, umbilicus, forehead
35
Q

Erythema nodosum

A
  • Inflammatory lesions of subcutaneous fat
  • Usually on anterior shins
  • Associated w/ coccidiomycosis, histoplasmosis, TB, leprosy, strep, and sarcoidosis
36
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A
  • Common. Associated w/ excessive sun or arsenic exposure
  • Commonly on hands or face
  • locally invasive but rarely metastasize
  • Ulcerative red lesions
  • Associated w/ chronic draining sinuses
  • Histology: keratin pearls
  • invasive tongue
  • Actinic keratosis is precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
  • Keratoacanthoma is variant that grows rapidly and regresses spontaneously
  • Positive for H&E test
36
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma

A
  • Most common in sun exposed ares of body
  • Locally invasive, by almost never metastasizes
  • Rolled edges under central ulceration
  • pearly papules commonly w/ telangiectasis
  • Palisading nuclei
  • -Negative for all 3 tests
37
Q

Melanoma

A
  • Common tumor w/ significant risk of metastasis
  • Associated w/ sun exposure: fair skin increased risk
  • Depth of tumor correlates w/ risk of metastasis
  • ABCD: asymmetry, border irregularity, color variation, diameter

Skin (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions