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MSK > Dermatomes and Myotomes and segmental innervation > Flashcards

Dermatomes and Myotomes and segmental innervation Flashcards

1
Q

Where are the enlargements of the spinal cord?

A

The cervical and lumbar regions

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2
Q

What is the taper at the end of the spinal cord called?

A

Conus medullaris

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3
Q

What is meant by the term mixed spinal nerves?

A

The posterior and the anterior nerve roots

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4
Q

What is the posterior nerve root

A

Consists of sensory fibres from cell bodies in the spinal/dorsal root ganglion that extend peripherally to sensory endings and centrally to posterior horn of spinal cord grey matter

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5
Q

What is the anterior nerve root

A

Consists of motor fibres passing from cell bodies in the anterior horn of grey matter in the spinal cord to effector organs in the periphery

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6
Q

What happens as the mixed spinal nerve passes through the intervertebral foramen?

A

Divides into two branches:

  • Posterior/Dorsal Ramus
  • Anterior/Ventral Ramus
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7
Q

What does the posterior ramus supply?

A
  • Synovial joints of the vertebral column
  • Deep muscles of the back
  • Overlying skin (segmental pattern)
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8
Q

What does the anterior ramus supply?

A
  • Anterior and lateral regions of the trunk

- Upper and lower limbs

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9
Q

What does the anterior ramus supply?

A
  • Anterior and lateral regions of the trunk

- Upper and lower limbs

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10
Q

Which ramus forms plexuses?

A

Anterior

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11
Q

Explain the brachial plexus

A
  • Roots: C5-T1
  • Trunks: Superior, Inferior, Middle
  • Divisions: All trunks have a posterior and an anterior
  • Cords: Medial, Lateral, Posterior
  • Branches: Musculocutaneous, Axillary, Radial, Median, Ulnar
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12
Q

Where does the nervous supply to the lower limb come from?

A

The lumbar plexus (L1-L4) and the sacral plexus (L4-S4)

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13
Q

Where does the lumbar plexus form?

A

Behind the psoas major muscle

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14
Q

Which nerves emerge medial the psoas major muscle

A
  • Femoral
  • Iliohypogastric
  • Ilioinguinal
  • Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh
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15
Q

Which nerves emerge lateral the psoas major muscle

A
  • Femoral
  • Iliohypogastric
  • Ilioinguinal
  • Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh
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16
Q

Which nerves emerge medial to the psoas major muscle?

A
  • Obturator nerve

- Lumbosacral trunk

17
Q

Where does the sacral plexus supply?

A
  • Pelvic region
  • Gluteal region
  • Perineal region
  • Lower limb (via sciatic nerve)
18
Q

What is a dermatome?

A

An area of skin supplied my a single spinal nerve

19
Q

What is an axial line?

A

The junction between two different dermatomes which are not from adjacent spinal roots

20
Q

What is the cutaneous distribution of a peripheral nerve?

A

The area of skin that a peripheral nerve innervates. It normally has nerve fibres from different spinal roots

21
Q

What is a myotome?

A

The group of muscles innervated by a single spinal nerve

22
Q

In which two ways are dermatomes assessed?

A
  • Light touch of cotton wool for example

- Response to pain using a small pin

23
Q

Which movement is used to assess C5

A

Elbow flexion

24
Q

Which movement is used to assess C6

A

Wrist Extension

25
Q

Which movement is used to assess C7

A

Elbow Extension

26
Q

Which movement is used to assess C8

A

Finger flexion

27
Q

Which movement is used to assess T1

A

Finger abduction

28
Q

Which movement is used to asses L2

A

Hip flexion

29
Q

Which movement is used to assess L3

A

Knee extension

30
Q

Which movement is used to asses L4

A

Ankle dorsiflexion

31
Q

Which movement is used to assess L5

A

Great toe extension

32
Q

Which moment is used to assess S1

A

Ankle plantar flexion

33
Q

Which spinal nerve roots are you assessing by neck flexion and extension?

A

C1 and C2

34
Q

Which spinal nerve root is assessed by moving the head from side to side?

A

C3

35
Q

Which spinal nerve root is assessed by shoulder elevation?

A

C4

36
Q

What does shoulder abduction test?

A

C5

MSK (4 decks)

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